{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:55:30Z","timestamp":1768481730207,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50CA221747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50CA221747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Supratentorial non-skull base meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumor subtype. An understanding of their pathophysiology, imaging characteristics, and clinical management options will prove of substantial value to the multi-disciplinary team which may be involved in their care. Extensive review of the broad literature on the topic is conducted. Narrowing the scope to meningiomas located in the supratentorial non-skull base anatomic location highlights nuances specific to this tumor subtype. Advances in our understanding of the natural history of the disease and how findings from both molecular pathology and neuroimaging have impacted our understanding are discussed. Clinical management and the rationale underlying specific approaches including observation, surgery, radiation, and investigational systemic therapies is covered in detail. Future directions for probable advances in the near and intermediate term are reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14235887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T05:45:22Z","timestamp":1669787122000},"page":"5887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical Management of Supratentorial Non-Skull Base Meningiomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Adefisayo","family":"Adekanmbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark W.","family":"Youngblood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantine L.","family":"Karras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ephraim A.","family":"Oyetunji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kalapurakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig M.","family":"Horbinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4432-9708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hinda","family":"Najem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9146-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia B.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy B.","family":"Heimberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Magill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rimas V.","family":"Lukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab200","article-title":"CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2014\u20132018","volume":"23","author":"Ostrom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604438","article-title":"Is the Incidence of Meningiomas Underestimated? A Regional Survey","volume":"99","author":"Larjavaara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-021-01652-9","article-title":"Are There Predilection Sites for Intracranial Meningioma? A Population-Based Atlas","volume":"45","author":"Hosainey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-0976-7","article-title":"Meningiomas: Skull Base versus Non-Skull Base","volume":"42","author":"Meling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-019-01085-5","article-title":"Risk Factors and Control of Seizures in 778 Chinese Patients Undergoing Initial Resection of Supratentorial Meningiomas","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.FOCUS17752","article-title":"Relationship between Tumor Location, Size, and WHO Grade in Meningioma","volume":"44","author":"Magill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2020-0304","article-title":"Nation-Wide Brain Tumor Registry-Based Study of Intracranial Meningioma in Japan: Analysis of Surgery-Related Risks","volume":"61","author":"Oya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"5696","article-title":"The Potential Risk Factors for Atypical and Anaplastic Meningiomas: Clinical Series of 1,239 Cases","volume":"7","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01412","article-title":"The Preferred Locations of Meningioma According to Different Biological Characteristics Based on Voxel-Wise Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-1005-6","article-title":"Skull Base versus Non-Skull Base Meningioma Surgery in the Elderly","volume":"42","author":"Meling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.150","article-title":"Elderly Patients with Intracranial Meningioma: Surgical Considerations in 228 Patients with a Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature","volume":"132","author":"Canbolat","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6174","article-title":"Clinical Features and Surgical Management of Intracranial Meningiomas in the Elderly","volume":"14","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"noac206","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac209.886","article-title":"Docetaxel Targets Aggressive Methylation Profiles and Serves as a Radiosensitizer in High-Risk Meningiomas","volume":"24","author":"Youngblood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198609000-00008","article-title":"The Meninges in Human Development","volume":"45","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.06.009","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analyses of the Developing Meninges Reveal Meningeal Fibroblast Diversity and Function","volume":"54","author":"DeSisto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.10.004","article-title":"Retinoic Acid from the Meninges Regulates Cortical Neuron Generation","volume":"139","author":"Siegenthaler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199908000-00017","article-title":"Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 Expression in the Developing Dura Mater Correlates with Calvarial Bone Formation","volume":"104","author":"Mehrara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0487","article-title":"Tissue Origins and Interactions in the Mammalian Skull Vault","volume":"241","author":"Jiang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and Functional Features of Central Nervous System Lymphatic Vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0227-9","article-title":"CNS Lymphatic Drainage and Neuroinflammation Are Regulated by Meningeal Lymphatic Vasculature","volume":"21","author":"Louveau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01061-8","article-title":"Meningioma DNA Methylation Groups Identify Biological Drivers and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities","volume":"54","author":"Choudhury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2526","article-title":"Genomic Sequencing of Meningiomas Identifies Oncogenic SMO and AKT1 Mutations","volume":"45","author":"Brastianos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3651","article-title":"Recurrent Somatic Mutations in POLR2A Define a Distinct Subset of Meningiomas","volume":"48","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Correlations between Genomic Subgroup and Clinical Features in a Cohort of More than 3000 Meningiomas","volume":"135","author":"Youngblood","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa226","article-title":"Associations of Meningioma Molecular Subgroup and Tumor Recurrence","volume":"23","author":"Youngblood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov316","article-title":"Oncogenic PI3K Mutations Are as Common as AKT1 and SMO Mutations in Meningioma","volume":"18","author":"Abedalthagafi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233009","article-title":"Genomic Analysis of Non-NF2 Meningiomas Reveals Mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO","volume":"339","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181ba3952","article-title":"Genomic Profiling of Atypical Meningiomas Associates Gain of 1q with Poor Clinical Outcome","volume":"68","author":"Engler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-6-64","article-title":"Molecular Signatures Define Two Main Classes of Meningiomas","volume":"6","author":"Carvalho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/60.6.628","article-title":"Chromosome 1p and 14q FISH Analysis in Clinicopathologic Subsets of Meningioma: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications","volume":"60","author":"Cai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14433","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14433","article-title":"Integrated Genomic Analyses of de Novo Pathways Underlying Atypical Meningiomas","volume":"8","author":"Youngblood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804280-9.00014-7","article-title":"Natural History of Intracranial Meningiomas","volume":"Volume 169","author":"Glenn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160218","article-title":"Prevalence, Clinical Management, and Natural Course of Incidental Findings on Brain MR Images: The Population-Based Rotterdam Scan Study","volume":"281","author":"Bos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-3071-2","article-title":"Volumetric Growth Rates of Meningioma and Its Correlation with Histological Diagnosis and Clinical Outcome: A Systematic Review","volume":"159","author":"Fountain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050463","article-title":"Growth of Incidental Meningiomas","volume":"142","author":"Yoneoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000068730.76856.58","article-title":"The Natural History of Incidental Meningiomas","volume":"53","author":"Nakamura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000138569.45818.50","article-title":"Natural History of Conservatively Treated Meningiomas","volume":"63","author":"Herscovici","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz160","article-title":"A Prognostic Model to Personalize Monitoring Regimes for Patients with Incidental Asymptomatic Meningiomas","volume":"22","author":"Islim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz237","article-title":"How Should We Manage Incidental Meningiomas?","volume":"22","author":"Nassiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2019-0213","article-title":"Natural History of Meningiomas: Review with Meta-Analyses","volume":"60","author":"Nakasu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.4.538","article-title":"Kumamoto Brain Tumor Research Group Indications for Surgery in Patients with Asymptomatic Meningiomas Based on an Extensive Experience","volume":"105","author":"Yano","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.11.JNS11999","article-title":"Slower Growth of Skull Base Meningiomas Compared with Non-Skull Base Meningiomas Based on Volumetric and Biological Studies","volume":"116","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.JNS091966","article-title":"Treatment Decision Making Based on the Published Natural History and Growth Rate of Small Meningiomas","volume":"113","author":"Sughrue","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab150","article-title":"EANO Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Meningiomas","volume":"23","author":"Goldbrunner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.4.JNS142742","article-title":"Seizures in Supratentorial Meningioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"124","author":"Englot","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.02.051","article-title":"Seizure Control for Patients Undergoing Meningioma Surgery","volume":"79","author":"Chaichana","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"151","article-title":"Epilepsy and Intracranial Meningiomas","volume":"55","author":"Chow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(99)00066-2","article-title":"Intracranial Meningiomas and Epilepsy: Incidence, Prognosis and Influencing Factors","volume":"38","author":"Lieu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822198-3.00053-7","article-title":"Seizures in Meningioma","volume":"Volume 170","author":"Harward","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.6.JNS081490","article-title":"Risk Profile Associated with Convexity Meningioma Resection in the Modern Neurosurgical Era","volume":"112","author":"Sanai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000310692.80289.28","article-title":"Surgery for Convexity Meningiomas","volume":"63","author":"Morokoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822198-3.00031-8","article-title":"Parasagittal Meningiomas","volume":"Volume 170","author":"Mathiesen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.769656","article-title":"How Much Tumor Volume Is Responsible for Development of Clinical Symptoms in Patients With Convexity, Parasagittal, and Falx Meningiomas?","volume":"12","author":"Yamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.11.002","article-title":"Surgical Management of Falcine Meningiomas: Experience of 95 Patients","volume":"37","author":"Murrone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.8.JNS193537","article-title":"Postoperative Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Neurological Outcome after Convexity Meningioma Resection","volume":"135","author":"Magill","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Osborn, A.G. (2013). Chapter 22: Tumors of the Meninges. Meningothelial tumors: Meningioma. Osborn\u2019s Brain: Imaging, Pathology, and Anatomy, Amirsys."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox101","article-title":"Diagnostic Challenges in Meningioma","volume":"19","author":"Nowosielski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0367-6","article-title":"Modern Meningioma Imaging Techniques","volume":"99","author":"Saloner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, C., Kim, J.M., Cheong, J.H., Ryu, J.I., Won, Y.D., Ko, Y., and Han, M.-H. (2021). Association between Tumor Size and Peritumoral Brain Edema in Patients with Convexity and Parasagittal Meningiomas. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252945"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(94)90075-2","article-title":"Cerebral Edema in Intracranial Meningiomas: Evidence for Local and Diffuse Patterns and Factors Associated with Its Occurrence","volume":"42","author":"Abe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.11.013","article-title":"Differentiating Meningioma Grade by Imaging Features on Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"48","author":"Hale","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(02)00433-3","article-title":"Meningiomas with Brain Edema: Radiological Characteristics on MRI and Review of the Literature","volume":"26","author":"Nakano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-012-0989-y","article-title":"Factors Affecting Peritumoral Brain Edema in Meningioma: Special Histological Subtypes with Prominently Extensive Edema","volume":"111","author":"Osawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804280-9.00012-3","article-title":"Modern Day Imaging of Meningiomas","volume":"Volume 169","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa190","article-title":"Extensive Peritumoral Edema and Brain-to-Tumor Interface MRI Features Enable Prediction of Brain Invasion in Meningioma: Development and Validation","volume":"23","author":"Joo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.1.JNS152329","article-title":"Meningioma Consistency Prediction Utilizing Tumor to Cerebellar Peduncle Intensity on T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences: TCTI Ratio","volume":"126","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4068","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5830-3","article-title":"Radiomics and Machine Learning May Accurately Predict the Grade and Histological Subtype in Meningiomas Using Conventional and Diffusion Tensor Imaging","volume":"29","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4803","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18582-7","article-title":"Multiplatform Genomic Profiling and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identify Mechanisms Underlying Intratumor Heterogeneity in Meningioma","volume":"11","author":"Magill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"vdz011","article-title":"Integrated Models Incorporating Radiologic and Radiomic Features Predict Meningioma Grade, Local Failure, and Overall Survival","volume":"1","author":"Morin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurooncol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1133-x","article-title":"18F-FDG PET in the Assessment of Tumor Grade and Prediction of Tumor Recurrence in Intracranial Meningioma","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verger, A., Kas, A., Darcourt, J., and Guedj, E. (2022). PET Imaging in Neuro-Oncology: An Update and Overview of a Rapidly Growing Area. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051103"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210067","DOI":"10.1148\/rycan.210067","article-title":"Dynamic 68Ga-DOTATATE PET\/MRI in the Diagnosis and Management of Intracranial Meningiomas","volume":"4","author":"Ivanidze","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol. Imaging Cancer"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.114.149120","article-title":"Increased 68Ga-DOTATATE Uptake in PET Imaging Discriminates Meningioma and Tumor-Free Tissue","volume":"56","author":"Rachinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox112","article-title":"PET Imaging in Patients with Meningioma\u2014Report of the RANO\/PET Group","volume":"19","author":"Galldiks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now001","article-title":"68Gallium-DOTATATE PET in Meningioma: A Reliable Predictor of Tumor Growth Rate?","volume":"18","author":"Sommerauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou131","article-title":"Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET\/CT and PET\/MRI Hybrid Systems in Patients with Cranial Meningioma: Initial Results","volume":"17","author":"Wolf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"1538","article-title":"Somatostatin Receptor-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy for Progressive Meningioma: Benefit Linked to 68Ga-DOTATATE\/-TOC Uptake","volume":"18","author":"Seystahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1545-1","article-title":"The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Summary","volume":"131","author":"Louis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1459-3","article-title":"Somatostatin Receptor 2a Is a More Sensitive Diagnostic Marker of Meningioma than Epithelial Membrane Antigen","volume":"130","author":"Menke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.9.JNS09617","article-title":"A Comparison of World Health Organization Tumor Grades at Recurrence in Patients with Non-Skull Base and Skull Base Meningiomas","volume":"112","author":"McGovern","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25591","article-title":"Anatomic Location Is a Risk Factor for Atypical and Malignant Meningiomas","volume":"117","author":"Kane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1611-y","article-title":"Malignant Potential of Skull Base versus Non-Skull Base Meningiomas: Clinical Series of 1663 Cases","volume":"155","author":"Cornelius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000306097.38141.65","article-title":"World Health Organization Grades II and III Meningiomas Are Rare in the Cranial Base and Spine","volume":"61","author":"Sade","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-006-0039-3","article-title":"Clinical and Radiological Features Related to the Growth Potential of Meningioma","volume":"29","author":"Kasuya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wach, J., Lampmann, T., G\u00fcresir, \u00c1., Vatter, H., Herrlinger, U., Becker, A., Cases-Cunillera, S., H\u00f6lzel, M., Toma, M., and G\u00fcresir, E. (2022). Proliferative Potential, and Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment in Meningioma Correlate with Neurological Function at Presentation and Anatomical Location-From Convexity to Skull Base and Spine. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14041033"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.2.163","article-title":"Progesterone and Estrogen Receptors: Opposing Prognostic Indicators in Meningiomas","volume":"105","author":"Pravdenkova","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.100","article-title":"Progesterone Receptor Is Responsible for Benign Biology of Skull Base Meningioma","volume":"118","author":"Kuroi","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000687","article-title":"Molecular Alterations in Meningioma: Prognostic and Therapeutic Perspectives","volume":"32","author":"Birzu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.19.5.10","article-title":"Molecular Genetics of Meningiomas","volume":"19","author":"Ragel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.JNS15591","article-title":"Genomic Landscape of Intracranial Meningiomas","volume":"125","author":"Bi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0294-180","article-title":"Evidence for the Complete Inactivation of the NF2 Gene in the Majority of Sporadic Meningiomas","volume":"6","author":"Ruttledge","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.125","article-title":"Role of Merlin\/NF2 Inactivation in Tumor Biology","volume":"35","author":"Petrilli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60259-2","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis Type 2","volume":"373","author":"Asthagiri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Karas, P.J., Hadley, C.C., Bayley, V.J.C., Khan, A.B., Jalali, A., Sweeney, A.D., Klisch, T.J., and Patel, A.J. (2019). The Role of Merlin\/NF2 Loss in Meningioma Biology. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11111633"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-017-0014-7","article-title":"Genomic Landscape of High-Grade Meningiomas","volume":"2","author":"Bi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Npj Genom. Med."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawloski, J.A., Fadel, H.A., Huang, Y.-W., and Lee, I.Y. (2021). Genomic Biomarkers of Meningioma: A Focused Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910222"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199503000-00009","article-title":"Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetic and Pathological Analyses in 126 Meningiomas","volume":"54","author":"Riegman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/path.909","article-title":"NF2 Status of Meningiomas Is Associated with Tumour Localization and Histology","volume":"194","author":"Kros","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01377-w","article-title":"Clinical Significance of NF2 Alteration in Grade I Meningiomas Revisited; Prognostic Impact Integrated with Extent of Resection, Tumour Location, and Ki-67 Index","volume":"10","author":"Teranishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.2.0210","article-title":"Malignant Progression in Meningioma: Documentation of a Series and Analysis of Cytogenetic Findings","volume":"101","author":"Kadri","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61737-3","article-title":"Alterations of the Tumor Suppressor Genes CDKN2A (P16(INK4a)), P14(ARF), CDKN2B (P15(INK4b)), and CDKN2C (P18(INK4c)) in Atypical and Anaplastic Meningiomas","volume":"159","author":"Wolter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(98)00209-X","article-title":"Allelic Losses at 1p, 9q, 10q, 14q, and 22q in the Progression of Aggressive Meningiomas and Undifferentiated Meningeal Sarcomas","volume":"110","author":"Lamszus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Genet. Cytogenet."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.8.JNS161076","article-title":"Targeted Sequencing of SMO and AKT1 in Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas","volume":"127","author":"Strickland","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1187-5","article-title":"AKT1E17K Mutations Cluster with Meningothelial and Transitional Meningiomas and Can Be Detected by SFRP1 Immunohistochemistry","volume":"126","author":"Sahm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86298-9","article-title":"Associations of Pathological Diagnosis and Genetic Abnormalities in Meningiomas with the Embryological Origins of the Meninges","volume":"11","author":"Okano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1678-x","article-title":"Global Epigenetic Profiling Identifies Methylation Subgroups Associated with Recurrence-Free Survival in Meningioma","volume":"133","author":"Olar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30155-9","article-title":"DNA Methylation-Based Classification and Grading System for Meningioma: A Multicentre, Retrospective Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Sahm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03850-3","article-title":"A Clinically Applicable Integrative Molecular Classification of Meningiomas","volume":"597","author":"Nassiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12110","article-title":"High Incidence of Activating TERT Promoter Mutations in Meningiomas Undergoing Malignant Progression","volume":"24","author":"Goutagny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00433.x","article-title":"A Role for Chromosome 9p21 Deletions in the Malignant Progression of Meningiomas and the Prognosis of Anaplastic Meningiomas","volume":"12","author":"Perry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.060","article-title":"Treatment Outcomes of Incidental Intracranial Meningiomas: Results from the IMPACT Cohort","volume":"138","author":"Islim","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-019-03104-3","article-title":"Incidental Intracranial Meningiomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Factors and Outcomes","volume":"142","author":"Islim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04214-y","article-title":"Clinical Studies of Incidental Intracranial Meningiomas-towards High-Quality Evidence-Based Practice","volume":"162","author":"Islim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.06.033","article-title":"Volumetric Growth of Residual Meningioma\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"91","author":"Gillespie","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e052705","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052705","article-title":"External Validation and Recalibration of an Incidental Meningioma Prognostic Model\u2014IMPACT: Protocol for an International Multicentre Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"12","author":"Islim","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2018-0006","article-title":"An Overview of Meningiomas","volume":"14","author":"Buerki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05336-1","article-title":"Older Meningioma Patients: A Retrospective Population-Based Study of Risk Factors for Morbidity and Mortality after Neurosurgery","volume":"164","author":"Valachis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.03.032","article-title":"Meningioma Surgical Outcomes and Complications in Patients Aged 75 Years and Older","volume":"88","author":"Ekaireb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.20.1.22","article-title":"The recurrence of intracranial meningiomas after surgical treatment","volume":"20","author":"Simpson","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.12.JNS172423","article-title":"Predictors of Postoperative Motor Function in Rolandic Meningiomas","volume":"130","author":"Ottenhausen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000080","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Meningiomas","volume":"39","author":"Kondziolka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"346","article-title":"Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Intracranial Meningioma: A Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurooncol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.11.JNS161170","article-title":"Intermediate-Risk Meningioma: Initial Outcomes from NRG Oncology RTOG 0539","volume":"129","author":"Rogers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.11.028","article-title":"High-Risk Meningioma: Initial Outcomes From NRG Oncology\/RTOG 0539","volume":"106","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.3.FOCUS1967","article-title":"Efficacy and Toxicity of Particle Radiotherapy in WHO Grade II and Grade III Meningiomas: A Systematic Review","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1026-x","article-title":"Evaluation of Particle Radiotherapy for the Re-Irradiation of Recurrent Intracranial Meningioma","volume":"13","author":"Czech","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab108","article-title":"Reactor-Based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for 44 Cases of Recurrent and Refractory High-Grade Meningiomas with Long-Term Follow-Up","volume":"24","author":"Takai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000001924","article-title":"Stereotactic Radiosurgery Compared With Active Surveillance for Asymptomatic, Parafalcine, and Parasagittal Meningiomas: A Matched Cohort Analysis From the IMPASSE Study","volume":"90","author":"Pikis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31088","article-title":"Gross Total Resection and Adjuvant Radiotherapy Most Significant Predictors of Improved Survival in Patients with Atypical Meningioma","volume":"124","author":"Rydzewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4376","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29639","article-title":"Extent of Resection and Overall Survival for Patients with Atypical and Malignant Meningioma","volume":"121","author":"Aizer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01759-9","article-title":"Adjuvant Radiotherapy versus Observation Following Gross Total Resection for Atypical Meningioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Chun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.030","article-title":"Association Between Facility Volume and Overall Survival for Patients with Grade II Meningioma after Gross Total Resection","volume":"141","author":"Anakwenze","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellerino, A., Bruno, F., Palmiero, R., Pronello, E., Bertero, L., Soffietti, R., and Rud\u00e0, R. (2022). Clinical Significance of Molecular Alterations and Systemic Therapy for Meningiomas: Where Do We Stand?. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092256"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-2891-8","article-title":"Multiplatform Profiling of Meningioma Provides Molecular Insight and Prioritization of Drug Targets for Rational Clinical Trial Design","volume":"139","author":"Everson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"JCO2102371","article-title":"Alliance A071401: Phase II Trial of Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition in Meningiomas With Somatic NF2 Mutations","volume":"40","author":"Brastianos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"vdab085","article-title":"The effects of palbociclib in combination with radiation in preclinical models of aggressive meningioma","volume":"3","author":"Horbinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurooncol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.6.JNS18118","article-title":"Surgical Outcomes after Reoperation for Recurrent Non\u2013Skull Base Meningiomas","volume":"131","author":"Magill","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/23\/5887\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:29:20Z","timestamp":1760146160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/23\/5887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers14235887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14235887","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]}}}