{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:26:31Z","timestamp":1762341991840,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["20H04516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H04516"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperpolarized 129Xe (HP 129Xe) MRI enables functional imaging of various lung diseases but has been scarcely applied to lung cancer imaging. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of targeted imaging of lung cancer with HP 129Xe MRI using surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as molecular targeting contrast agents. A mouse model of lung cancer (LC) was induced in nine mice by intra-peritoneal injection of urethane. Three months after the urethane administration, the mice underwent lung imaging with HP 129Xe MRI at baseline (0 h). Subsequently, the LC group was divided into two sub-groups: mice administered with polyethylene glycol-coated IONPs (PEG-IONPs, n = 4) and folate-conjugated dextran-coated IONPs (FA@Dex-IONPs, n = 5). The mice were imaged at 3, 6, and 24 h after the intravenous injection of IONPs. FA@Dex-IONPs mice showed a 25% reduction in average signal intensity at cancer sites at 3 h post injection, and a 24% reduction at 24 h post injection. On the other hand, in PEG-IONPs mice, while a signal reduction of approximately 28% was observed at cancer sites at 3 to 6 h post injection, the signal intensity was unchanged from that of the baseline at 24 h. Proton MRI of LC mice (n = 3) was able to detect cancer five months after urethane administration, i.e., later than HP 129Xe MRI (3 months). Furthermore, a significant decrease in averaged 1H T2 values at cancer sites was observed at only 6 h post injection of FA@Dex-IONPs (p &lt; 0.05). As such, the targeted delivery of IONPs to cancer tissue was successfully imaged with HP 129Xe MRI, and their surface modification with folate likely has a high affinity with LC, which causes overexpression of folate receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14246070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T04:05:22Z","timestamp":1670817922000},"page":"6070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Targeted Imaging of Lung Cancer with Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI Using Surface-Modified Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Molecular Contrast Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5702-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuomi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiya","family":"Utsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renya","family":"Nishimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Hosoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8358-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil J.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Systems Informatics, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8561, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9720-3546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideaki","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170647","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170647","article-title":"Hyperpolarized gas MRI in pulmonology","volume":"91","author":"Kern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. 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