{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:59:03Z","timestamp":1791259143788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Cancer Disparities SPORE Planning Grant","award":["P20 CA233216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 CA233216"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute Cancer Disparities SPORE Planning Grant","award":["P50 CA150964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 CA150964"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute Cancer Disparities SPORE Planning Grant","award":["CA143237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA143237"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute Cancer Disparities SPORE Planning Grant","award":["P30CA044579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA044579"]}]},{"name":"Case Comprehensive Cancer Center GI SPORE","award":["P20 CA233216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 CA233216"]}]},{"name":"Case Comprehensive Cancer Center GI SPORE","award":["P50 CA150964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 CA150964"]}]},{"name":"Case Comprehensive Cancer Center GI SPORE","award":["CA143237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA143237"]}]},{"name":"Case Comprehensive Cancer Center GI SPORE","award":["P30CA044579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA044579"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 CA233216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 CA233216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 CA150964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 CA150964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA143237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA143237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA044579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA044579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017397","name":"University of Virginia Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 CA233216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 CA233216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017397","name":"University of Virginia Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 CA150964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 CA150964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017397","name":"University of Virginia Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA143237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA143237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017397","name":"University of Virginia Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA044579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA044579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Approximately 90% of colorectal cancer (CRC) develop over the age of 50, highlighting the important role of aging in CRC risk. African Americans (AAs) shoulder a greater CRC burden than European Americans (EA) and are more likely to develop CRC at a younger age. The effects of aging in AA and EA normal rectal tissue have yet to be defined. Here, we performed epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis in the first, large-scale biracial cohort of normal rectum (n = 140 samples). We identified increased epigenetic age acceleration in EA than AA rectum (p = 3.91 \u00d7 10\u22124) using linear regression. We also identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with chronological aging in AA and EA, separately using DMRcate. Next, a consensus set of regions associated with cancer was identified through DMR analysis of two rectal cancer cohorts. The vast majority of AA DMRs were present in our analysis of aging in rectum of EA subjects, though rates of epigenetic drift were significantly greater in AA (p = 1.94 \u00d7 10\u221245). However, 3.66-fold more DMRs were associated with aging in rectum of EA subjects, many of which were also associated with rectal cancer. Our findings reveal a novel relationship between race, age, DNA methylation and rectal cancer risk that warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15010045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T02:31:11Z","timestamp":1671676271000},"page":"45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Race-Specific, DNA Methylation Analysis of Aging in Normal Rectum: Implications for the Biology of Aging and Its Relationship to Rectal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5943-4397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Devall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3614-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangqing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9959-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8303-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Weisenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA"},{"name":"University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"},{"name":"University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00019.2005","article-title":"Nutrition and aging: Changes in the regulation of energy metabolism with aging","volume":"86","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00062-3","article-title":"Targeting the biology of ageing with mTOR inhibitors to improve immune function in older adults: Phase 2b and phase 3 randomised trials","volume":"2","author":"Mannick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-062917-012239","article-title":"Nuclear Genomic Instability and Aging","volume":"87","author":"Niedernhofer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2007","article-title":"Telomeres and aging","volume":"88","author":"Aubert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10604","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500398102","article-title":"Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins","volume":"102","author":"Fraga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa280","article-title":"Epigenome-wide change and variation in DNA methylation in childhood: Trajectories from birth to late adolescence","volume":"30","author":"Mulder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0159-6","article-title":"The diverse roles of DNA methylation in mammalian development and disease","volume":"20","author":"Greenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0780-4","article-title":"Changes in DNA methylation from pre- to post-adolescence are associated with pubertal exposures","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.176933.114","article-title":"Genetic and environmental exposures constrain epigenetic drift over the human life course","volume":"24","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13533","article-title":"Revisiting the genomic hypomethylation hypothesis of aging","volume":"1418","author":"Unnikrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joo, J.E., Clendenning, M., Wong, E.M., Rosty, C., Mahmood, K., Georgeson, P., Winship, I.M., Preston, S.G., Win, A.K., and Dugue, P.A. (2021). DNA Methylation Signatures and the Contribution of Age-Associated Methylomic Drift to Carcinogenesis in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.24.21254210"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0722-1","article-title":"Novel age-associated DNA methylation changes and epigenetic age acceleration in middle-aged African Americans and whites","volume":"11","author":"Tajuddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21457","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening for average-risk adults: 2018 guideline update from the American Cancer Society","volume":"68","author":"Wolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.07.023","article-title":"Colorectal Cancer Disparity in African Americans: Risk Factors and Carcinogenic Mechanisms","volume":"188","author":"Augustus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.09.008","article-title":"Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening in the United States Before and After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act","volume":"18","author":"May","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734998","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.734998","article-title":"Racial Disparities and Sex Differences in Early- and Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer Incidence, 2001\u20132018","volume":"11","author":"Petrick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21718","article-title":"Cancer statistics for African American\/Black People 2022","volume":"72","author":"Giaquinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ca-Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31527","article-title":"Rectal cancer patients younger than 50 years lack a survival benefit from NCCN guideline-directed treatment for stage II and III disease","volume":"124","author":"Kolarich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2019-0002","article-title":"Young-onset rectal cancer patients: In need of answers","volume":"15","author":"Barreto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.060","article-title":"Racial Disparities in Incidence of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Patient Survival","volume":"156","author":"Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa206","article-title":"Racial Disparities in Epigenetic Aging of the Right vs Left Colon","volume":"113","author":"Devall","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer. Inst."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41829.x","article-title":"Colorectal cancer in African Americans","volume":"100","author":"Agrawal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.04.002","article-title":"Integrative Genome-Scale DNA Methylation Analysis of a Large and Unselected Cohort Reveals 5 Distinct Subtypes of Colorectal Adenocarcinomas","volume":"8","author":"Fennell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.045","article-title":"Cell-of-Origin DNA Methylation Signatures Are Maintained during Colorectal Carcinogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Bormann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network (2012). Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer. Nature, 487, 330\u2013337.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11252"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6403","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2016.170","article-title":"Integrated genomic analysis of colorectal cancer progression reveals activation of EGFR through demethylation of the EREG promoter","volume":"35","author":"Qu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy006","article-title":"Cohort Profile: The Colon Cancer Family Registry Cohort (CCFRC)","volume":"47","author":"Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-522-0_23","article-title":"MethyLight","volume":"507","author":"Campan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"R Core Team (2022). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu049","article-title":"Minfi: A flexible and comprehensive Bioconductor package for the analysis of Infinium DNA methylation microarrays","volume":"30","author":"Aryee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.12.21","article-title":"Complete pipeline for Infinium((R)) Human Methylation 450K BeadChip data processing using subset quantile normalization for accurate DNA methylation estimation","volume":"4","author":"Touleimat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"e123","article-title":"SeSAMe: Reducing artifactual detection of DNA methylation by Infinium BeadChips in genomic deletions","volume":"46","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1507","article-title":"TCGAbiolinks: An R\/Bioconductor package for integrative analysis of TCGA data","volume":"44","author":"Colaprico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lennard, K.S., Goosen, R.W., and Blackburn, J.M. (2016). Bacterially-Associated Transcriptional Remodelling in a Distinct Genomic Subtype of Colorectal Cancer Provides a Plausible Molecular Basis for Disease Development. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166282"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1502","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1062","article-title":"From ArrayExpress to BioStudies","volume":"49","author":"Sarkans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0503-2","article-title":"Functional normalization of 450k methylation array data improves replication in large cancer studies","volume":"15","author":"Fortin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8935-8-6","article-title":"De novo identification of differentially methylated regions in the human genome","volume":"8","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt684","article-title":"ChAMP: 450k Chip Analysis Methylation Pipeline","volume":"30","author":"Morris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3982","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx513","article-title":"ChAMP: Updated methylation analysis pipeline for Illumina BeadChips","volume":"33","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teschendorff, A.E., Breeze, C.E., Zheng, S.C., and Beck, S. (2017). A comparison of reference-based algorithms for correcting cell-type heterogeneity in Epigenome-Wide Association Studies. BMC Bioinform., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1511-5"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv907","article-title":"ENmix: A novel background correction method for Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13029-016-0059-5","article-title":"A bedr way of genomic interval processing","volume":"11","author":"Haider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Source Code Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","article-title":"DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types","volume":"14","author":"Horvath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00752-3","article-title":"A comparison of epigenetic mitotic-like clocks for cancer risk prediction","volume":"12","author":"Teschendorff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-022-01324-5","article-title":"DNA methylation analysis of normal colon organoids from familial adenomatous polyposis patients reveals novel insight into colon cancer development","volume":"14","author":"Devall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molnar, B., Galamb, O., Peterfia, B., Wichmann, B., Csabai, I., Bodor, A., Kalmar, A., Szigeti, K.A., Bartak, B.K., and Nagy, Z.B. (2018). Gene promoter and exon DNA methylation changes in colon cancer development-mRNA expression and tumor mutation alterations. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4609-x"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2022.101580","article-title":"Association between colorectal cancer and the degree of ITGA4 promoter methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"27","author":"Jafarpour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gene Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-020-09579-5","article-title":"Benzo(a)pyrene-induced cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, DNA damage, and altered gene expression profiles in HT-29 human colon cancer cells","volume":"37","author":"Myers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0801-3","article-title":"Dysfunctional epigenetic aging of the normal colon and colorectal cancer risk","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101414","article-title":"An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan","volume":"10","author":"Levine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11347","article-title":"FLI-1 mediates tumor suppressor function via Klotho signaling in regulating CRC","volume":"44","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879751","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.879751","article-title":"Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Identify Drug Resistance of Dormant Cell in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajibabaie, F., Abedpoor, N., Assareh, N., Tabatabaiefar, M.A., Shariati, L., and Zarrabi, A. (2022). The Importance of SNPs at miRNA Binding Sites as Biomarkers of Gastric and Colorectal Cancers: A Systematic Review. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12030456"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/1\/45\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:47:24Z","timestamp":1760147244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/1\/45"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers15010045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15010045","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]}}}