{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T09:47:34Z","timestamp":1788515254716,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are widely used in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, and the immune-related adverse events involving many organs have been recognized. This article investigated the incidence and imaging characteristics of immune-related thyroiditis in NSCLC patients and correlated the findings with clinical features. A total of 534 NSCLC patients treated with ICI were included. Imaging findings indicative of thyroiditis included changes in morphology and attenuation on restaging chest CT scans and FDG uptake on PET\/CT during ICI therapy. Fifty patients (9.4%) had imaging findings indicative of thyroiditis. The median time to onset was 9.5 weeks (range: 0.9\u201387.4 weeks). The most common finding was diffuse hypoattenuation of the gland (72%), with enlargement in 15 and atrophy in 12 patients. Heterogeneous attenuation of the gland was noted in 12 patients (24%), with enlargement in 7 and atrophy in 1 patient. Two patients (4%) showed increased FDG uptake in the gland on PET\/CT without changes in the CT scan. Twenty-two patients who had both clinical and radiologic diagnoses of thyroiditis were more frequently managed with hormone replacement than those with thyroiditis without an imaging abnormality (p &lt; 0.0001). Therefore, awareness of the imaging findings of immune-related thyroiditis may alert clinicians to the presence of clinically relevant thyroiditis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T04:19:22Z","timestamp":1674447562000},"page":"649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immune-Related Thyroiditis in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Imaging Features and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0707-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyesun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1149-7094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinori","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Hatabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biagio","family":"Ricciuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Nishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30407-3","article-title":"Four-year survival with nivolumab in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A pooled analysis","volume":"20","author":"Antonia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet. 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