{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:06:07Z","timestamp":1792803967647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Women\u2019s Cancer Fund","award":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/SKK08\/UKM\/02\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/SKK08\/UKM\/02\/6"]}]},{"name":"Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation Inc., Australia","award":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/SKK08\/UKM\/02\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/SKK08\/UKM\/02\/6"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03n6hmg93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Australian Monash International Postgraduate Research Scholarship","award":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/SKK08\/UKM\/02\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/SKK08\/UKM\/02\/6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We hypothesised that the inclusion of immunosuppressive and inflammatory biomarkers in HGSOC patients would improve the sensitivity and specificity of the preoperative marker prediction of malignancy in patients with ovarian masses. We tested a panel of 29 soluble immune factors by multiplex bead immunoassay and 16 phenotypic T cell markers by flow cytometry in pre-treatment blood samples from 66 patients undergoing surgery for suspected ovarian cancer or ovarian cancer risk reduction. The potential diagnostic utility of all parameters was explored using Volcano plots, principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. We also assessed the effect of culturing PBMCs from 20 healthy donors in the presence of malignant ascites fluid. The combination of TNFR2+ Tregs and IL-6 in the pre-treatment blood of patients with advanced HGSOC effectively discriminated patients with benign or malignant ovarian masses. In vitro culturing of the PBMCs of healthy donors in malignant ascites promoted an increase in TNFR2-expressing Tregs, which were decreased following blockade with IL-6 or STAT3 activity. Pre-treatment serum IL-6 and peripheral blood TNFR2+ Tregs may be potential clinical biomarkers that can discriminate patients with malignant compared to benign ovarian cancer masses, and the relationship between IL-6 and TNFR2+ Treg is likely to be mediated via the STAT3 signalling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T04:19:22Z","timestamp":1674447562000},"page":"667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Combining TNFR2-Expressing Tregs and IL-6 as Superior Diagnostic Biomarkers for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Masses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirmala Chandralega","family":"Kampan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia"},{"name":"Oncology Unit, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apriliana Ellya Ratna","family":"Kartikasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Deceneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutsa Tatenda","family":"Madondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orla M.","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1575-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie Louise","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia"},{"name":"Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norhaslinda A.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2420-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew N.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"},{"name":"Epworth Research Institute, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8825-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Consulting Platform, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6889-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Plebanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc4019","article-title":"Rethinking ovarian cancer II: Reducing mortality from high-grade serous ovarian cancer","volume":"15","author":"Bowtell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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