{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:02:15Z","timestamp":1793829735135,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Research Council","award":["ERC CoG 818715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC CoG 818715"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["SECRETE-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SECRETE-HF"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["2017-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-21"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["CVON RED-CVD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON RED-CVD"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["2017-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-11"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["CVON PREDICT2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON PREDICT2"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["2018-30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-30"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["2020B005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B005"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["201806170057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806170057"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["03-005-2021-T005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-005-2021-T005"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["ERC CoG 818715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC CoG 818715"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["SECRETE-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SECRETE-HF"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["2017-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-21"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["CVON RED-CVD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON RED-CVD"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["2017-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-11"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["CVON PREDICT2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON PREDICT2"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["2018-30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-30"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["2020B005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B005"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["201806170057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806170057"]}]},{"name":"the Leducq Foundation Cure PhosphoLambaN induced Cardiomyopathy (Cure-PLaN)","award":["03-005-2021-T005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-005-2021-T005"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["ERC CoG 818715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC CoG 818715"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["SECRETE-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SECRETE-HF"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["2017-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-21"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["CVON RED-CVD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON RED-CVD"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["2017-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-11"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["CVON PREDICT2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON PREDICT2"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["2018-30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-30"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["2020B005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B005"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["201806170057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806170057"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council","award":["03-005-2021-T005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-005-2021-T005"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["ERC CoG 818715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC CoG 818715"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["SECRETE-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SECRETE-HF"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["2017-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-21"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["CVON RED-CVD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON RED-CVD"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["2017-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-11"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["CVON PREDICT2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON PREDICT2"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["2018-30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-30"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["2020B005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B005"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["201806170057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806170057"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["03-005-2021-T005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-005-2021-T005"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["ERC CoG 818715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC CoG 818715"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["SECRETE-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SECRETE-HF"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON SHE-PREDICTS-HF"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["2017-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-21"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["CVON RED-CVD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON RED-CVD"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["2017-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-11"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["CVON PREDICT2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON PREDICT2"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["2018-30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-30"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON DOUBLE DOSE"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["2020B005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B005"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["201806170057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806170057"]}]},{"name":"the Mandema-Stipendium of the Junior Scientific Masterclass 2020-10 of the University Medical Center Groningen","award":["03-005-2021-T005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-005-2021-T005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Within the aging population, the frequency of cancer is increasing dramatically. In addition, multiple genetic and environmental factors lead to common multifactorial diseases, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the connection between cancer and multifactorial diseases, as well as how one can affect the other, resulting in a vicious cycle. Although the exact mechanistic explanations behind this remain to be fully explored, some progress has been made in uncovering the common pathologic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the nature of the link between cancer and common multifactorial conditions, as well as specific shared mechanisms, some of which may represent either preventive or therapeutic targets. Rather than organ-specific interactions, we herein focus on the shared mechanisms among the multifactorial diseases, which may explain the increased cancer risk. More research on this subject will highlight the significance of developing new drugs that target multiple systems rather than just one disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T04:54:41Z","timestamp":1674622481000},"page":"729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Multifactorial Diseases of the Heart, Kidneys, Lungs, and Liver and Incident Cancer: Epidemiology and Shared Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0006-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Canxia","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne","family":"de Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emina","family":"U\u010dambarli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Markousis-Mavrogenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elles","family":"Screever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"Meijers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4775-9140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudolf","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Aboumsallem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations (2020). World Population Ageing 2019, United Nations."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12601","article-title":"Molecular and physiological manifestations and measurement of aging in humans","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.06.038","article-title":"Quantifying the heart failure epidemic: Prevalence, incidence rate, lifetime risk and prognosis of heart failure The Rotterdam Study","volume":"25","author":"Bleumink","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.10.011","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease in elderly individuals","volume":"97","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14659","article-title":"Quality of Life, Perceptions, and Health Satisfaction of Older Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"65","author":"Balogun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults\u2014United States, 2011. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 61, 938\u2013943."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831536","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/831536","article-title":"Mechanisms and implications of age-related changes in the liver: Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease in the elderly","volume":"2011","author":"Gan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Gerontol. Geriatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2020, December 31). Cancer Incidence by Age. Available online: https:\/\/www.cancerresearchuk.org\/health-professional\/cancer-statistics\/incidence\/age."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.10.029","article-title":"Age and cancer risk: A potentially modifiable relationship","volume":"46","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp440","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs: The need for cardio-oncology and cardio-oncological prevention","volume":"102","author":"Albini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013754","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013754","article-title":"Reverse Cardio-Oncology: Cancer Development in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"9","author":"Aboumsallem","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30172-3","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pulmonary toxicity associated with cancer immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Rashdan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"500","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Cancer","volume":"377","author":"Rosner","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.11.012","article-title":"Chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis","volume":"19","author":"Meunier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw211","article-title":"2016 ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines: The Task Force for cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"37","author":"Zamorano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw604","article-title":"Causes of death among cancer patients","volume":"28","author":"Zaorsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2021.09.008","article-title":"Reverse cardio-oncology: Exploring the effects of cardiovascular disease on cancer pathogenesis","volume":"163","author":"Koelwyn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2029","article-title":"Common mechanistic pathways in cancer and heart failure. A scientific roadmap on behalf of the Translational Research Committee of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"22","author":"Hulot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"24","article-title":"A new classification of cardio-oncology syndromes","volume":"7","author":"Aboumsallem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiooncology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.472","article-title":"Incidence of cancer in patients with chronic heart failure: A long-term follow-up study","volume":"18","author":"Banke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2021.11.007","article-title":"Cancer Incidence and Mortality According to Pre-Existing Heart Failure in a Community-Based Cohort","volume":"4","author":"Bertero","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.088","article-title":"Patients with heart failure have an increased risk of incident cancer","volume":"62","author":"Hasin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030816","article-title":"Heart Failure Stimulates Tumor Growth by Circulating Factors","volume":"138","author":"Meijers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1539","article-title":"Cancer and heart disease: Associations and relations","volume":"21","author":"Meijers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0964-7","article-title":"Myocardial infarction accelerates breast cancer via innate immune reprogramming","volume":"26","author":"Koelwyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046471","article-title":"Early Cardiac Remodeling Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis","volume":"142","author":"Avraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033603","article-title":"Linking Heart Failure to Cancer: Background Evidence and Research Perspectives","volume":"138","author":"Bertero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.04.085","article-title":"Supplemental Association of Clonal Hematopoiesis With Incident Heart Failure","volume":"78","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, C., Aboumsallem, J.P., Suthahar, N., de Graaf, A.O., Jansen, J.H., van Zeventer, I.A., Bracun, V., de Wit, S., Screever, E.M., and van den Berg, P.F. (2022). Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential: Associations with heart failure incidence, clinical parameters and biomarkers. Eur. J. Heart Fail.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2715"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13053","article-title":"Tumour biomarkers: Association with heart failure outcomes","volume":"288","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753885","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.753885","article-title":"Established Tumour Biomarkers Predict Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in the General Population","volume":"8","author":"Bracun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Wit, S., Glen, C., de Boer, R.A., and Lang, N.N. (2022). Mechanisms shared between cancer, heart failure, and targeted anti-cancer therapies. Cardiovasc. Res., cvac132.","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac132"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i2.501","article-title":"Gut microbiota imbalance and colorectal cancer","volume":"22","author":"Raisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1159\/000508328","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Drives the Development of Colorectal Cancer","volume":"102","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.05.001","article-title":"The microbiome and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers","volume":"402","author":"Mima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12155","article-title":"Heart failure is associated with depletion of core intestinal microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Luedde","year":"2017","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316242","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"127","author":"Witkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.10.009","article-title":"Pathogenic Gut Flora in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure","volume":"4","author":"Pasini","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0108-7","article-title":"Dietary metabolism, the gut microbiome, and heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7442","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1835","article-title":"Plasma choline metabolites and colorectal cancer risk in the women\u2019s health initiative observational study","volume":"74","author":"Bae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29576","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of prostate cancer risk in a prospective cohort: The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention (ATBC) study","volume":"137","author":"Mondul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"253","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and cancer: A troubling connection","volume":"23","author":"Stengel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00548.x","article-title":"Paraneoplastic glomerulopathies: New insights into an old entity","volume":"56","author":"Ronco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000341","article-title":"Minimal change nephrotic syndrome and classical Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: Report of 21 cases and review of the literature","volume":"69","author":"Audard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70803-8","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy in patients with renal cortical tumours: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2021.10.008","article-title":"Renal Cell Cancer and Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"28","author":"Saly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868715","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.868715","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Cancer: Inter-Relationships and Mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008090998","article-title":"Association of CKD and cancer risk in older people","volume":"20","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013060604","article-title":"CKD and the risk of incident cancer","volume":"25","author":"Lowrance","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007060712","article-title":"Association of albuminuria and cancer incidence","volume":"19","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, G., Staplin, N., Emberson, J., Baigent, C., Turner, R., Chalmers, J., Zoungas, S., Pollock, C., Cooper, B., and Harris, D. (2016). Chronic kidney disease and the risk of cancer: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 32,057 participants from six prospective studies. BMC Cancer, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2532-6"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.23.2823","article-title":"Cancer incidence before and after kidney transplantation","volume":"296","author":"Vajdic","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)06154-1","article-title":"Cancer in patients on dialysis for end-stage renal disease: An international collaborative study","volume":"354","author":"Maisonneuve","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp331","article-title":"The pattern of excess cancer in dialysis and transplantation","volume":"24","author":"Stewart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000445362","article-title":"Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Chronic Dialysis Population: A Multicenter Cohort Study","volume":"43","author":"Cheung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr464","article-title":"Increased risk of cancer in chronic dialysis patients: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000039608.81046.81","article-title":"Cancers of the kidney and urinary tract in patients on dialysis for end-stage renal disease: Analysis of data from the United States, Europe, and Australia and New Zealand","volume":"14","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04209.x","article-title":"Malignancies after kidney transplantation: Hong Kong renal registry","volume":"12","author":"Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr277","article-title":"Malignancies after renal transplantation in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000880","article-title":"Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"52","author":"Komaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg074","article-title":"Oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease: An emerging threat to patient outcome","volume":"18","author":"Locatelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00207507","article-title":"Cancer risk and oxidative DNA damage in man","volume":"74","author":"Loft","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006","article-title":"Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: How are they linked?","volume":"49","author":"Reuter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2014.02.010","article-title":"The kidney and uremic toxin removal: Glomerulus or tubule?","volume":"34","author":"Masereeuw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2019.01.004","article-title":"Immune Dysfunction and Risk of Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"26","author":"Narayanan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basu, A.K. (2018). DNA Damage, Mutagenesis and Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040970"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp023","article-title":"Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Needs and opportunities for integrated research","volume":"101","author":"Punturieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.037135","article-title":"Relationship between reduced forced expiratory volume in one second and the risk of lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Gan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00126011","article-title":"Early detection of COPD is important for lung cancer surveillance","volume":"39","author":"Sekine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13198","article-title":"COPD and squamous cell lung cancer: Aberrant inflammation and immunity is the common link","volume":"173","author":"Bozinovski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S20083","article-title":"Genetic evidence linking lung cancer and COPD: A new perspective","volume":"4","author":"Young","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Clin. Genet."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilk, J.B., Chen, T.H., Gottlieb, D.J., Walter, R.E., Nagle, M.W., Brandler, B.J., Myers, R.H., Borecki, I.B., Silverman, E.K., and Weiss, S.T. (2009). A genome-wide association study of pulmonary function measures in the Framingham Heart Study. PLoS Genet., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000429"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.535","article-title":"Variants in FAM13A are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"42","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00033310","article-title":"Chromosome 4q31 locus in COPD is also associated with lung cancer","volume":"36","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0151OC","article-title":"Loci identified by genome-wide association studies influence different disease-related phenotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"182","author":"Pillai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06846","article-title":"A variant associated with nicotine dependence, lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease","volume":"452","author":"Thorgeirsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06885","article-title":"A susceptibility locus for lung cancer maps to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes on 15q25","volume":"452","author":"Hung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00845.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress induced lung cancer and COPD: Opportunities for epigenetic therapy","volume":"13","author":"Lawless","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"2370","article-title":"Aberrant promoter methylation in bronchial epithelium and sputum from current and former smokers","volume":"62","author":"Belinsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00876-8","article-title":"Epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis of small cell lung cancer cell lines suggests potential chemotherapy targets","volume":"12","author":"Krushkal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-20907-z","article-title":"Evolution of DNA methylome from precancerous lesions to invasive lung adenocarcinomas","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112202","article-title":"DNA methylation in lung cancer patients: Opening a \"window of life\" under precision medicine","volume":"144","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharm."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-7-87","article-title":"Analysis of aberrant methylation on promoter sequences of tumor suppressor genes and total DNA in sputum samples: A promising tool for early detection of COPD and lung cancer in smokers","volume":"7","author":"Guzman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201108-1382OC","article-title":"Variable DNA methylation is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function","volume":"185","author":"Qiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902347","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02347-2019","article-title":"Co-methylation analysis in lung tissue identifies pathways for fetal origins of COPD","volume":"56","author":"Kachroo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-015-0068-z","article-title":"Inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its role in cardiovascular disease and lung cancer","volume":"4","author":"King","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688625","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.688625","article-title":"The Role of Tumor Inflammatory Microenvironment in Lung Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00658-5","article-title":"Inflammation and tumor progression: Signaling pathways and targeted intervention","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6048","article-title":"IL-6 and TNF-alpha promote metastasis of lung cancer by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"13","author":"Shang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605530","article-title":"TNF-alpha\/NF-kappaB\/Snail pathway in cancer cell migration and invasion","volume":"102","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e123614","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.123614","article-title":"Elevated circulating MMP-9 is linked to increased COPD exacerbation risk in SPIROMICS and COPDGene","volume":"3","author":"Wells","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahor, D., Kumari, V., Vashisht, K., Galgalekar, R., Samarth, R.M., Mishra, P.K., Banerjee, N., Dixit, R., Saluja, R., and De, S. (2020). Elevated serum matrix metalloprotease (MMP-2) as a candidate biomarker for stable COPD. BMC Pulm. Med., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01323-3"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, L., Sheng, B., Zeng, Q., Yao, W., and Jiang, Q. (2020). Correlation between MMP2 expression in lung cancer tissues and clinical parameters: A retrospective clinical analysis. BMC Pulm. Med., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01317-1"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2006.11.021","article-title":"Influence of MMP-2 and MMP-9 promoter polymorphisms on gene expression and clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"56","author":"Rollin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01302.x","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases: Protective roles in cancer","volume":"15","author":"Decock","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(96)00155-4","article-title":"Role of oxidants\/antioxidants in smoking-induced lung diseases","volume":"21","author":"Rahman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2015.08.017","article-title":"The relationship between COPD and lung cancer","volume":"90","author":"Durham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a000034","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000034","article-title":"The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation","volume":"1","author":"Oeckinghaus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a000141","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000141","article-title":"NF-kappaB as a critical link between inflammation and cancer","volume":"1","author":"Karin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5470","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6562","article-title":"Chronic NF-kappaB activation links COPD and lung cancer through generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the lungs","volume":"7","author":"Zaynagetdinov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Zhang, W., Pan, H., Feldser, H.G., Lainez, E., Miller, C., Leung, S., Zhong, Z., Zhao, H., and Sweitzer, S. (2012). SIRT1 activators suppress inflammatory responses through promotion of p65 deacetylation and inhibition of NF-kappaB activity. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046364"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200708-1269OC","article-title":"SIRT1, an antiinflammatory and antiaging protein, is decreased in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"177","author":"Rajendrasozhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S173206","article-title":"Systematic analysis of transcriptomic profiles of COPD airway epithelium using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J. Chron. Obs. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-013-2084-3","article-title":"NF-kappaB and STAT3 signaling pathways collaboratively link inflammation to cancer","volume":"4","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Protein. Cell"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"202","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Backgr. Aims"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3887","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003887","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with excessive calorie intake rather than a distinctive dietary pattern","volume":"95","author":"Wehmeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.06.005","article-title":"The Sweet Path to Metabolic Demise: Fructose and Lipid Synthesis","volume":"27","author":"Herman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0206","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Promotes Increased Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis, Hyperlipidemia, and Hepatic Steatosis in the Elderly","volume":"61","author":"Flannery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26717","article-title":"Extrahepatic complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Armstrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"547","article-title":"NAFLD: A multisystem disease","volume":"62","author":"Byrne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Backgr. Aims"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154955","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated fatty liver disease and the risk of 24 specific cancers","volume":"127","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000153","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"42","author":"Duell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantovani, A., Lombardi, R., Cattazzo, F., Zusi, C., Cappelli, D., and Dalbeni, A. (2022). MAFLD and CKD: An Updated Narrative Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137007"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, K.E., Ng, C.H., Fu, C.E., Quek, J., Kong, G., Goh, Y.J., Zeng, R.W., Tseng, M., Aggarwal, M., and Nah, B. The Spectrum and Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction in MAFLD: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis of 32,683 Overweight and Obese Individuals. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2022. in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.09.028"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.12.022","article-title":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S292926","article-title":"Association Between Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from NHANES 2017\u20132018","volume":"14","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"140","article-title":"Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cancer incidence rate","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Backgr. Aims"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E00435","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000435","article-title":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Increases Colon Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100350","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease increases risk of adverse outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"3","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13830","article-title":"Effect of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease on liver cancer risk in a population with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A nationwide study","volume":"52","author":"Yun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S368366","article-title":"Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease on the Prognosis of Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Propensity Score Matching Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18197-6","article-title":"Correlation analysis of metabolic characteristics and the risk of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease\u2014Related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31014","article-title":"Effect of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Cancer in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"71","author":"Kanwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05640.x","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared with cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C","volume":"24","author":"Yatsuji","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.506375","article-title":"Population-based risk factors and resource utilization for HCC: US perspective","volume":"26","author":"Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.015","article-title":"Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"184","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4436","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i39.4436","article-title":"Carcinogenesis on the background of liver fibrosis: Implications for the management","volume":"24","author":"Sagar","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00381-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: Trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"317","article-title":"The story of HCC in NAFLD: From epidemiology, across pathogenesis, to prevention and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Margini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int. Off. J. Int. Assoc. Study Liver"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.059","article-title":"Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance","volume":"132","author":"Shoelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485","article-title":"Inflammation and metabolic disorders","volume":"444","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0666","article-title":"Diabetes and Cancer: A consensus report","volume":"33","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.019","article-title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Absence of Cirrhosis in US Veterans is Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"14","author":"Mittal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15464","article-title":"Characteristics, aetiologies and trends of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without cirrhosis: A United States multicentre study","volume":"50","author":"Gawrieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25797","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of apparent cirrhosis","volume":"128","author":"Ertle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9547613","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9547613","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"2018","author":"Masarone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"56","article-title":"In situ detection of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases","volume":"37","author":"Seki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Backgr. Aims"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchida, D., Takaki, A., Oyama, A., Adachi, T., Wada, N., Onishi, H., and Okada, H. (2020). Oxidative Stress Management in Chronic Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061576"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.08.007","article-title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: At the Crossroads of Inflammation and Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development","volume":"26","author":"Maurel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.07.001","article-title":"ER Stress Cooperates with Hypernutrition to Trigger TNF-Dependent Spontaneous HCC Development","volume":"26","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.199661","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms and implications","volume":"59","author":"Stickel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2008.00889.x","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and cancer, buddies or foes?","volume":"29","author":"WANG","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5537","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2253","article-title":"Multifunctional Effects of a Small-Molecule STAT3 Inhibitor on NASH and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice","volume":"23","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.12.052","article-title":"Dietary and genetic obesity promote liver inflammation and tumorigenesis by enhancing IL-6 and TNF expression","volume":"140","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13376","article-title":"Systematic review: Microbial dysbiosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Wieland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22848","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Miele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2015.01.001","article-title":"Hepatic Injury in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Contributes to Altered Intestinal Permeability","volume":"1","author":"Luther","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00439.2011","article-title":"Downregulation of nuclear receptor FXR is associated with multiple malignant clinicopathological characteristics in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"303","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32247-X","article-title":"Effect of interleukin-1\u03b2 inhibition with canakinumab on incident lung cancer in patients with atherosclerosis: Exploratory results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01893-5","article-title":"Repositioning canakinumab for non-small cell lung cancer-important lessons for drug repurposing in oncology","volume":"127","author":"Lythgoe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e183","DOI":"10.3747\/co.22.2566","article-title":"Use of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and icotinib in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Ellis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-021-01127-2","article-title":"RELAY, Ramucirumab Plus Erlotinib Versus Placebo Plus Erlotinib in Patients with Untreated, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive, Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Safety Profile and Manageability","volume":"45","author":"Nadal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, M., Zhou, L., Huang, Z., Li, B., Nice, E.C., Xu, J., and Huang, C. (2022). Antioxidant Therapy in Cancer: Rationale and Progress. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061128"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00990","article-title":"Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Effects of the Vitis vinifera L. var. Feteasca Neagra and Pinot Noir Pomace Extracts","volume":"11","author":"Balea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saponaro, M., Giacomini, I., Morandin, G., Cocetta, V., Ragazzi, E., Orso, G., Carnevali, I., Berretta, M., Mancini, M., and Pagano, F. (2020). Serenoa repens and Urtica dioica Fixed Combination: In-Vitro Validation of a Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239178"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2022.01.095","article-title":"Association of Cardiometabolic Disease With Cancer in the Community","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/3\/729\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:15:11Z","timestamp":1760120111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/3\/729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers15030729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15030729","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]}}}