{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:24:00Z","timestamp":1791829440455,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute P.\/myeloid leukemia post cytotoxic therapy (AML-pCT) is rare complication of cancer treatment in childhood. The objective of the study was to identify clinical characteristics and provide an analysis of the outcomes in pediatric AML-pCT. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 40 children with AML-pCT, treated from 2005 to 2020 within the Polish Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma Study Group. The most common primary malignancies were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (32.5%) and brain tumors (20%). The median latency period was 2.9 years (range: 0.7\u201312.9). Probabilities of overall (OS), event-free (EFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) in the whole cohort were 0.49 \u00b1 0.08, 0.43 \u00b1 0.08, and 0.64 \u00b1 0.10, respectively. Significant improvements in outcomes were observed in patients treated from 2015\u20132022 (two induction cycles followed by stem cell transplantation\u2014SCT in 69% of patients) compared to 2005\u20132014 (four induction cycles followed by SCT in 49% of patients). The probability of EFS increased from 0.30 \u00b1 0.10 to 0.67 \u00b1 0.12 (p = 0.07) and RFS increased from 0.46 \u00b1 0.11 to 1.0 (p = 0.01). The poorest outcome (OS and EFS 0.25 \u00b1 0.20) was in AML post brain tumor, mainly due to deaths from toxicities. To conclude, treatment results achieved in patients with AML-pCT treated from 2015\u20132022, with two induction cycles followed by immediate SCT, were better than those reported by other authors, and comparable to the results in de novo AML.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T02:29:31Z","timestamp":1674700171000},"page":"734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Post Cytotoxic Therapy\u2014Retrospective Analysis of the Patients Treated in Poland from 2005 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1277-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Czoga\u0142a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children Hospital, 30-683 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9552-7889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Czoga\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children Hospital, 30-683 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pawi\u0144ska-W\u0105sikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children Hospital, 30-683 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9201-0753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teofila","family":"Ksi\u0105\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children Hospital, 30-683 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9181-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Bukowska-Strakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Sikorska-Fic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"\u0141aguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Skalska-Sadowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Wachowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rodziewicz-Konarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Moj-Hackemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1174-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Ka\u0142wak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Muszy\u0144ska-Ros\u0142an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryna","family":"Krawczuk-Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Fa\u0142kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7094-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Drabko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Koz\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninela","family":"Irga-Jaworska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Bobeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"M\u0142ynarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Tomaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5336-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szczepa\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Choda\u0142a-Grzywacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Regional Polyclinic Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Karolczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Regional Polyclinic Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Mycko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Hematology and Oncology, Province Children\u2019s Hospital, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Badowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Hematology and Oncology, Province Children\u2019s Hospital, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Zielezi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Hemato-Oncology and Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Urasi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Hemato-Oncology and Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Bartoszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3158-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Styczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walentyna","family":"Balwierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children Hospital, 30-683 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6867-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Skocze\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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