{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T09:49:29Z","timestamp":1769248169807,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondation les Gueules Cass\u00e9es","award":["2018-51"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-51"]}]},{"name":"Nantes University Hospital and the Cancer biobank of Toulouse\/IUCT Oncopole","award":["2018-51"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-51"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\u2014The purpose of this study was to investigate the bone resorption, as well as the vascular and immune microenvironment, of jaw osteosarcomas (JO) and to correlate these features with patient clinical outcomes. Methods\u2014We studied 50 JO biopsy samples by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays (TMAs). We investigated the bone remodeling markers RANK\/RANKL\/OPG, the endothelial glycoprotein CD146, and biomarkers of the immune environment (CD163 and CD68 of macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and an immune checkpoint PD-1\/PD-L1). The biomarkers were analyzed for their influence on progression (recurrence and metastasis), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results\u2014A strong and significant correlation has been found between CD163 staining and lower OS and DFS. The level of CD4+ and CD8+ staining was low and non-significantly associated with survival outcomes. High levels of RANK and RANKL were found in the tumor samples and correlated with lower DFS. Conclusion\u2014Our findings suggest that CD163+ TAMs represent markers of poor prognosis in JO. Targeting TAMs could represent a valuable therapeutic strategy in JO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T01:35:13Z","timestamp":1675647313000},"page":"1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment in Jaw Osteosarcomas, towards Prognostic Markers and New Therapeutic Targets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0546-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lios","family":"Bertin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nantes University Hospital, 44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"CRCI2NA-Nantes-Angers Cancer and Immunology Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Peries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biobank of Toulouse, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse University Hospital, 31100 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3233-3793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Amiaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCI2NA-Nantes-Angers Cancer and Immunology Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Van Acker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biobank of Toulouse, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse University Hospital, 31100 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bastien","family":"Perrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR1246 SPHERE (MethodS in Patients-Centered Outcomes and Health ResEarch), Nantes University, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Bouvier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Timone Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Aubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9atrice","family":"Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Nancy University Hospital, 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Larousserie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gonzague","family":"De Pinieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tours University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6563-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Crenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCI2NA-Nantes-Angers Cancer and Immunology Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nantes University Hospital, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"R\u00e9dini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCI2NA-Nantes-Angers Cancer and Immunology Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Gomez-Brouchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biobank of Toulouse, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse University Hospital, 31100 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.10.017","article-title":"Osteosarcomas of the Jaws Differ from Their Peripheral Counterparts and Require a Distinct Treatment Approach. 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