{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T19:23:07Z","timestamp":1773170587833,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001273","name":"Children with Cancer foundation, UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001273","name":"Children with Cancer foundation, UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA175737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA175737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA175737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA175737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leukemia is the most common cancer in children in industrialized countries, and its initiation often occurs prenatally. Folic acid is a key vitamin in the production and modification of DNA, and prenatal folic acid intake is known to reduce the risk of childhood leukemia. We characterized the one-carbon (folate) metabolism nutrients that may influence risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) among 122 cases diagnosed at age 0\u201314 years during 1988\u20132011 and 122 controls matched on sex, age, and race\/ethnicity. Using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) applied to neonatal dried blood spots, we evaluated 11 folate pathway metabolites, overall and by sex, race\/ethnicity, and age at diagnosis. To conduct the prediction analyses, the 244 samples were separated into learning (75%) and test (25%) sets, maintaining the matched pairings. The learning set was used to train classification methods which were evaluated on the test set. High classification error rates indicate that the folate pathway metabolites measured have little predictive capacity for pediatric ALL. In conclusion, the one-carbon metabolism nutrients measured at birth were unable to predict subsequent leukemia in children. These negative findings are reflective of the last weeks of pregnancy and our study does not address the impact of these nutrients at the time of conception or during the first trimester of pregnancy that are critical for the embryo\u2019s DNA methylation programming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T01:35:13Z","timestamp":1675647313000},"page":"1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["One-Carbon (Folate) Metabolism Pathway at Birth and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Biomarker Study in Newborns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3467-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Metayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Partow","family":"Imani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Dudoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA"},{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1509-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libby","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Wiemels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Petrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"The Bert Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30487","article-title":"Trends in childhood leukemia incidence over two decades from 1992 to 2013","volume":"140","author":"Cockburn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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