{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:02:51Z","timestamp":1792803771764,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]],"date-time":"2023-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ferenc Foundation","award":["0101350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0101350"]}]},{"name":"Ferenc Foundation","award":["110874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110874"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus MC Foundation","award":["0101350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0101350"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018906e22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Erasmus MC Foundation","award":["110874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110874"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018906e22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While cervical lymphadenopathy is common in children, a decision model for detecting high-grade lymphoma is lacking. Previously reported individual lymphoma-predicting factors and multivariate models were not sufficiently discriminative for clinical application. To develop a diagnostic scoring tool, we collected data from all children with cervical lymphadenopathy referred to our national pediatric oncology center within 30 months (n = 182). Thirty-nine putative lymphoma-predictive factors were investigated. The outcome groups were classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), other malignancies, and a benign group. We integrated the best univariate predicting factors into a multivariate, machine learning model. Logistic regression allocated each variable a weighing factor. The model was tested in a different patient cohort (n = 60). We report a 12-factor diagnostic model with a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 89\u201398%) and a specificity of 88% (95% CI 77\u201394%) for detecting cHL and NHL. Our 12-factor diagnostic scoring model is highly sensitive and specific in detecting high-grade lymphomas in children with cervical lymphadenopathy. It may enable fast referral to a pediatric oncologist in patients with high-grade lymphoma and may reduce the number of referrals and unnecessary invasive procedures in children with benign lymphadenopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T01:48:56Z","timestamp":1676252936000},"page":"1178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Machine Learning Logistic Regression Model for Early Decision Making in Referral of Children with Cervical Lymphadenopathy Suspected of Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4445-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline A. M.","family":"Zijtregtop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3585 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Winterswijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3585 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammo P. A.","family":"Beishuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3585 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian M.","family":"Zwaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3585 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rutger A. J.","family":"Nievelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3585 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division Imaging & Oncology, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike A. G.","family":"Meyer-Wentrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3585 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6482-1823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Auke","family":"Beishuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3585 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.05.005","article-title":"FNA biopsy of pediatric cervicofacial masses and validation of clinical characteristics of malignancy","volume":"79","author":"Kraseman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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