{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:34:51Z","timestamp":1780371291942,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study is aimed at investigating the association between NAFLD and the risk of HNC separately based on cancer site using a large population-based cohort of patients with T2DM. The data used in this population-based retrospective cohort study were provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the association of the fatty liver index (FLI) and the risk of HNC. During the mean 6.9 years of follow-up, approximately 25.4% of the study cohort had NAFLD, defined as an FLI \u226560. A total of 3543 HNC cases were identified. Overall, patients with a higher FLI had a significantly higher risk of HNC in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx compared with patients with an FLI &lt;30. An association was not observed between salivary gland cancer and FLI. There was no association between obesity and HNC. However, obese patients showed a lower risk of cancer for the oral cavity (p = 0.040), pharynx (p = 0.009), and larynx (p &lt; 0.001) than non-obese patients with the same FLI level. Neither obesity nor smoking affected the association between FLI- and HNC-risk in stratified analyses. In T2DM patients, NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of developing HNC in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, but not in the salivary gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T01:38:18Z","timestamp":1676425098000},"page":"1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fatty Liver and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3780-6844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhee","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine\/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil Universiy, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3389-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeong Jeong","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Man","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Medical Center, Sugnkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4749-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonyoung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine\/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9990-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Kyoung","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang-Si 10380, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Duk","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8128-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Wook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine\/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today","volume":"3","author":"Ferlay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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