{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:24Z","timestamp":1787027784262,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007076","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC 5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISM-Code:21147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISM-Code:21147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Novel immune therapies are currently being used for patients with R\/R ALL based on their ability to induce not only hematologic but also molecular remission. Despite promising results, specific clinical conditions, such as high tumor burden or extra medullary relapse, are still associated with a remarkably poor clinical outcome. Therefore, how to optimize the choice and the timing of such new treatments within different clinical settings remains a matter of debate. In addition, with the aim of increasing the rate and depth of molecular remission, clinical studies are currently evaluating the combination of these immunotherapies with chemotherapy in the contest of frontline treatment. The preliminary data suggest that this approach may increase the cure rate and perhaps reduce the use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in first remission. In Ph-positive ALL, reproducible results are showing that frontline treatment programs, based on the combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy, can achieve unprecedented rates of hematologic and molecular remission as well as a long-term cure, even in the absence of chemotherapy and alloHSCT. The results from these studies have led to the development of potentially curative treatment modalities, even for older ALL patients who cannot be treated with conventional intensive chemotherapy. The present review examined the evidence for an appropriate use of the new immunotherapies in ALL patients and provided some appraisal of the current and future possible uses of these drugs for achieving further therapeutic improvement in the treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T01:39:28Z","timestamp":1676943568000},"page":"1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Optimal Use of Novel Immunotherapeutics in B-Cell Precursor ALL"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6510-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Lussana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4411-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pantaleo","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3739-7502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Rambaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32909","article-title":"The BiTE (Bispecific T-Cell Engager) Platform: Development and Future Potential of a Targeted Immuno-Oncology Therapy across Tumor Types","volume":"126","author":"Einsele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.3247","article-title":"Phase II Trial of the Anti-CD19 Bispecific T Cell-Engager Blinatumomab Shows Hematologic and Molecular Remissions in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"32","author":"Topp","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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