{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:52:11Z","timestamp":1791888731881,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a large series of brain metastatic renal cell carcinoma (BMRCC) patients treated in three Italian centers. Methods: A total of 120 BMRCC patients with a total of 176 lesions treated were evaluated. Patients received surgery plus postoperative HSRS, single-fraction SRS, or hypofractionated SRS (HSRS). Local control (LC), brain distant failure (BDF), overall survival (OS), toxicities, and prognostic factors were assessed. Results: The median follow-up time was 77 months (range 16\u2013235 months). Surgery plus HSRS was performed in 23 (19.2%) cases, along with SRS in 82 (68.3%) and HSRS in 15 (12.5%). Seventy-seven (64.2%) patients received systemic therapy. The main total dose and fractionation used were 20\u201324 Gy in single fraction or 32\u201330 Gy in 4\u20135 daily fractions. Median LC time and 6 month and 1, 2 and 3 year LC rates were nr, 100%, 95.7% \u00b1 1.8%, 93.4% \u00b1 2.4%, and 93.4% \u00b1 2.4%. Median BDF time and 6 month and 1, 2 and 3 year BDF rates were n.r., 11.9% \u00b1 3.1%, 25.1% \u00b1 4.5%, 38.7% \u00b1 5.5%, and 44.4% \u00b1 6.3%, respectively. Median OS time and 6 month and 1, 2 and 3 year OS rates were 16 months (95% CI: 12\u201322), 80% \u00b1 3.6%, 58.3% \u00b1 4.5%, 30.9% \u00b1 4.3%, and 16.9% \u00b1 3.6, respectively. No severe neurological toxicities occurred. Patients with a favorable\/intermediate IMDC score, a higher RCC-GPA score, an early occurrence of BMs from primary diagnosis, absence of EC metastases, and a combined local treatment (surgery plus adjuvant HSRS) had a better outcome. Conclusions: SRS\/HSRS is proven to be an effective local treatment for BMRCC. A careful evaluation of prognostic factors is a valid step to manage the optimal therapeutic strategy for BMRCC patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T01:31:06Z","timestamp":1677115866000},"page":"1393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multimodal Treatments for Brain Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results of a Multicentric Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6913-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierina","family":"Navarria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pessina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Minniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology & Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 20089 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-6284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro","family":"Franzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"D\u2019agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Badalamenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Raspagliesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Reggiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Lobefalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1329-4530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Fariselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Neurologico Fondazione \u201cCarlo Besta\u201d, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1142-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7286-4014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Bellu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1765-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0889-3371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Pinzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Neurologico Fondazione \u201cCarlo Besta\u201d, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Scorsetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2008.07.005","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical staging, and presentation of renal cell 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Phys."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/5\/1393\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:39:39Z","timestamp":1760121579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/5\/1393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers15051393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15051393","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]}}}