{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T13:05:22Z","timestamp":1772370322976,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Northern Finland Terttu Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010711","name":"Cancer Foundation Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this RNA sequencing study was to investigate the biological mechanism underlying how the transcription factors (TFs) Twist1 and Zeb1 influence the prognosis of mycosis fungoides (MF). We used laser-captured microdissection to dissect malignant T-cells obtained from 40 skin biopsies from 40 MF patients with stage I\u2013IV disease. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determinate the protein expression levels of Twist1 and Zeb1. Based on RNA sequencing, principal component analysis (PCA), differential expression (DE) analysis, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), and hub gene analysis were performed between the high and low Twist1 IHC expression cases. The DNA from 28 samples was used to analyze the TWIST1 promoter methylation level. In the PCA, Twist1 IHC expression seemed to classify cases into different groups. The DE analysis yielded 321 significant genes. In the IPA, 228 significant upstream regulators and 177 significant master regulators\/causal networks were identified. In the hub gene analysis, 28 hub genes were found. The methylation level of TWIST1 promoter regions did not correlate with Twist1 protein expression. Zeb1 protein expression did not show any major correlation with global RNA expression in the PCA. Many of the observed genes and pathways associated with high Twist1 expression are known to be involved in immunoregulation, lymphocyte differentiation, and aggressive tumor biology. In conclusion, Twist1 might be an important regulator in the disease progression of MF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T01:36:09Z","timestamp":1677634569000},"page":"1527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Transcription Factor Twist1 Has a Significant Role in Mycosis Fungoides (MF) Cell Biology: An RNA Sequencing Study of 40 MF Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marjaana","family":"H\u00e4yrinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Kiiskil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annamari","family":"Ranki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skin and Allergic Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 160, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liisa","family":"V\u00e4kev\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skin and Allergic Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 160, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genevia Technologies Oy, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milla","family":"Kuusisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5692-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Porvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Kuitunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Cancer Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsi-Maria","family":"Haapasaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9145-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna-Riikka","family":"Teppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Kuittinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Cancer Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-881268","article-title":"The 2018 Update of the WHO-EORTC Classification for Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas","volume":"133","author":"Willemze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2850","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas\u2014An Update 2021","volume":"39","author":"Kempf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hematol. 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