{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:42:14Z","timestamp":1790250134947,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the malignant transformation of postmenopausal endometriosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of HRT on ovarian cancer occurrence in postmenopausal women with de novo endometriosis or a history of endometriosis. A total of 10,304 women that received HRT (the HRT group) and 10,304 that did not (the control group) were selected by 1:1 matching those that met the study criteria. Incidences of ovarian cancer (0.3% in the HRT group and 0.5% in the control group) and cumulative incidence rates of ovarian cancer were similar in the two groups. The overall mean duration of HRT was 1.4 \u00b1 2.2 years, but the duration of HRT in women with ovarian cancer was 2.2 \u00b1 2.9 years. After adjusting for co-variables, receipt of HRT, duration of HRT, combined use of estrogen and progesterone, and tibolone were not found to be risk factors for ovarian cancer. However, the use of estrogen alone was found to be a significant risk factor for ovarian cancer (HR 2.898; 95% CI 1.251\u20136.715; p = 0.013). With the exception of HRT using estrogen alone, HRT did not increase the risk of ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women with a history of endometriosis or de novo endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T03:03:57Z","timestamp":1678676637000},"page":"1708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Risk of Ovarian Cancer in Postmenopausal Women with De Novo Endometriosis or a History of Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hee Joong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si 11765, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1036-3828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Banghyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, College of Medicine, Inha University, 27, Inhang-ro, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7412-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hangseok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taehee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, College of Medicine, Inha University, 27, Inhang-ro, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, College of Medicine, Inha University, 27, Inhang-ro, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1196-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Beom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx011","article-title":"The management of menopause in women with a history of endometriosis: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Gemmell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. 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