{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:55:37Z","timestamp":1789016137421,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cellular therapies can be viewed as both the newest and oldest techniques for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Richter\u2019s transformation (RT). On one hand, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) has been available for decades, though its use is diminishing with the increasing availability of effective novel targeted agents, especially in CLL. Among newer techniques, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated astounding efficacy in several hematologic malignancies, leading to FDA approval and use in clinical practice. However, though CLL is the earliest disease type for which CAR-T were studied, development has been slower and has yet to lead to regulatory approval. Owing partially to its rarity but also due to the aggressive behavior of RT, CAR-T in RT have only been minimally explored. Here, we will focus on the applications of cellular therapies in CLL and RT, specifically reviewing more recent data related to alloHSCT in the novel-agent era and CAR-T cell development in CLL\/RT, focusing on safety and efficacy successes and limitations. We will review strategies to improve upon CAR-T efficacy and discuss ongoing trials utilizing CAR-T in CLL\/RT, as well as emerging technologies, such as allogeneic CAR-T and natural killer CAR (CAR NK) cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T03:09:37Z","timestamp":1679281777000},"page":"1838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cellular Therapies in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter\u2019s Transformation: Recent Developments in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Coombs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saumya","family":"Easaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Health, Carolinas Hospitalist Group, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1346-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie S.","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"IJH33","DOI":"10.2217\/ijh-2020-0021","article-title":"Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in B-cell lymphomas: Current status and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Chavez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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