{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:08:41Z","timestamp":1789538921545,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tofacitinib is approved for several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, but safety concerns have recently been raised. We searched PubMed (accessed on 27 February 2023) for original articles regarding tofacitinib\u2019s cancer risk when used for rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn\u2019s disease, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Of the 2047 initial records, 22 articles describing 26 controlled studies (including 22 randomized controlled trials) were selected. In the comparison between tofacitinib and any control treatment, the relative risk (RR) for any cancer was 1.06 (95% CI, 0.86\u20131.31; p = 0.95). In separate comparisons between tofacitinib and either a placebo or biological therapy, no difference was found in the overall cancer risk (vs. placebo, RR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.44\u20132.48; p = 0.95; vs. biological drugs, RR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.86\u20131.31; p = 0.58). When tofacitinib was compared to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, the overall cancer RR was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.06\u20132.08; p = 0.02). Similarly, significant results were obtained for all cancers, except for non-melanoma skin cancer (RR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05\u20132.06; p = 0.03), and for this skin cancer alone (RR = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.22\u20135.83; p = 0.88). In conclusion, no difference in the overall cancer risk was found between tofacitinib and either a placebo or biological drugs, while a slightly higher risk was found in patients treated with tofacitinib than anti-TNF agents. Further studies are needed to better define the cancer risk of tofacitinib therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15082197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:19:54Z","timestamp":1681096794000},"page":"2197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Cancer Risk in Patients Treated with the JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Bezzio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital, ASST Rhodense, 20017 Rho, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6904-7638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Vernero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide Giuseppe","family":"Ribaldone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Alimenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpiero","family":"Manes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital, ASST Rhodense, 20017 Rho, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5677-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Saibeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Center, Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital, ASST Rhodense, 20017 Rho, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa243","article-title":"Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis, Alopecia Universalis, and Atopic Dermatitis: One Drug, Three Diseases","volume":"27","author":"Honap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. 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