{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:52:58Z","timestamp":1780379578496,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":249,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is addressing the issue of incidental findings (IFs) with a series of publications entitled \u201cIncidental imaging findings\u2014the role of ultrasound\u201d. IFs in the liver of newborns and children are rare and much less commonly encountered than in adults; as a result, they are relatively much more frequently malignant and life-threatening, even when they are of benign histology. Conventional B-mode ultrasound is the well-established first line imaging modality for the assessment of liver pathology in pediatric patients. US technological advances, resulting in image quality improvement, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), liver elastography and quantification tools for steatosis have expanded the use of ultrasound technology in daily practice. The following overview is intended to illustrate incidentally detected liver pathology covering all pediatric ages. It aims to aid the examiner in establishing the final diagnosis. Management of incidentally detected focal liver lesions (FLL) needs to take into account the diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality, the patient\u2019s safety issues (including ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agents), the delay in diagnosis, the psychological burden on the patient and the cost for the healthcare system. Moreover, this paper should help the pediatric clinician and ultrasound practitioner to decide which pathologies need no further investigation, which ones require interval imaging and which cases require further and immediate diagnostic procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15082360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1681866562000},"page":"2360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Incidental Findings in Pediatric Patients: How to Manage Liver Incidentaloma in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andrius","family":"Cekuolis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Schreiber-Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Localinomed and Pediatric Department, Kliniken Salem, 3013 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasa","family":"Augustinien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Taut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1237-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judy","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6955-1968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edda L.","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Hospital Regional Nicolas Solano, La Chorrera 1007, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0212-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph F.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permancence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.06.016","article-title":"Incidental Findings of Gallbladder and Bile Ducts-Management Strategies: General Aspects, Gallbladder Polyps and Gallbladder Wall Thickening-A World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) Position Paper","volume":"48","author":"Jenssen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ultrasound. 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