{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:18:57Z","timestamp":1787498337866,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Turner Freeman Lawyers"},{"name":"Dust Diseases Board"},{"name":"University of Sydney"},{"name":"Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship"},{"name":"Merit Award Supplementary Scholarship"},{"name":"Northern Precinct Ramsay Supplementary Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pleural mesothelioma, previously known as malignant pleural mesothelioma, is an aggressive and fatal cancer of the pleura, with one of the poorest survival rates. Pleural mesothelioma is in urgent clinical need for biomarkers to aid early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and stratify patients for treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as biomarkers; however, there are limited studies to date on their role in pleural mesothelioma. We conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis on different EV populations derived from five pleural mesothelioma cell lines and an immortalized control cell line. We characterized three subtypes of EVs (10 K, 18 K, and 100 K), and identified a total of 4054 unique proteins. Major differences were found in the cargo between the three EV subtypes. We show that 10 K EVs were enriched in mitochondrial components and metabolic processes, while 18 K and 100 K EVs were enriched in endoplasmic reticulum stress. We found 46 new cancer-associated proteins for pleural mesothelioma, and the presence of mesothelin and PD-L1\/PD-L2 enriched in 100 K and 10 K EV, respectively. We demonstrate that different EV populations derived from pleural mesothelioma cells have unique cancer-specific proteomes and carry oncogenic cargo, which could offer a novel means to extract biomarkers of interest for pleural mesothelioma from liquid biopsies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15082364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1681866562000},"page":"2364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Small and Large Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Pleural Mesothelioma Cell Lines Offer Biomarker Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tamkin","family":"Ahmadzada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9877-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Vijayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7521-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Vafaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"},{"name":"UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0661-2601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Azimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5817-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O\u2019Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia"},{"name":"Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0442-0462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges E.","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"The Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1342-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Hosseini-Beheshti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"The Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200226","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0226-2020","article-title":"Update on biology and management of mesothelioma","volume":"30","author":"Asciak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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