{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:55:59Z","timestamp":1789012559977,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37-CA251763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-CA251763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-CA209882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA209882"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AR080116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AR080116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-CA241677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA241677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20-GM125503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20-GM125503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Musculoskeletal Hub","award":["R37-CA251763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-CA251763"]}]},{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Musculoskeletal Hub","award":["R01-CA209882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA209882"]}]},{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Musculoskeletal Hub","award":["R01-AR080116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AR080116"]}]},{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Musculoskeletal Hub","award":["R01-CA241677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA241677"]}]},{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Musculoskeletal Hub","award":["P20-GM125503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20-GM125503"]}]},{"name":"Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute Seeds of Sciences Award","award":["R37-CA251763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-CA251763"]}]},{"name":"Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute Seeds of Sciences Award","award":["R01-CA209882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA209882"]}]},{"name":"Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute Seeds of Sciences Award","award":["R01-AR080116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AR080116"]}]},{"name":"Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute Seeds of Sciences Award","award":["R01-CA241677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA241677"]}]},{"name":"Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute Seeds of Sciences Award","award":["P20-GM125503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20-GM125503"]}]},{"name":"Arkansas Breast Cancer Research Program","award":["R37-CA251763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-CA251763"]}]},{"name":"Arkansas Breast Cancer Research Program","award":["R01-CA209882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA209882"]}]},{"name":"Arkansas Breast Cancer Research Program","award":["R01-AR080116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AR080116"]}]},{"name":"Arkansas Breast Cancer Research Program","award":["R01-CA241677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA241677"]}]},{"name":"Arkansas Breast Cancer Research Program","award":["P20-GM125503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20-GM125503"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The tumor microenvironment plays a central role in the onset and progression of cancer in the bone. Cancer cells, either from tumors originating in the bone or from metastatic cancer cells from other body systems, are located in specialized niches where they interact with different cells of the bone marrow. These interactions transform the bone into an ideal niche for cancer cell migration, proliferation, and survival and cause an imbalance in bone homeostasis that severely affects the integrity of the skeleton. During the last decade, preclinical studies have identified new cellular mechanisms responsible for the dependency between cancer cells and bone cells. In this review, we focus on osteocytes, long-lived cells residing in the mineral matrix that have recently been identified as key players in the spread of cancer in bone. We highlight the most recent discoveries on how osteocytes support tumor growth and promote bone disease. Additionally, we discuss how the reciprocal crosstalk between osteocytes and cancer cells provides the opportunity to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat cancer in the bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15092645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T02:03:31Z","timestamp":1683511411000},"page":"2645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Osteocytes: New Kids on the Block for Cancer in Bone Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Aric","family":"Anloague","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2083-2774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Delgado-Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021119-034332","article-title":"The Osteocyte: New Insights","volume":"82","author":"Robling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2020","article-title":"The osteocyte as a signaling cell","volume":"102","author":"Bellido","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9774-y","article-title":"Osteocyte-Driven Bone Remodeling","volume":"94","author":"Bellido","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.08.121","article-title":"Osteocyte control of osteoclastogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Nakashima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080627","article-title":"A physical mechanism for coupling bone resorption and formation in adult human bone","volume":"174","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2448","article-title":"Matrix-embedded cells control osteoclast formation","volume":"17","author":"Xiong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2452","article-title":"Evidence for osteocyte regulation of bone homeostasis through RANKL expression","volume":"17","author":"Nakashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.11.2068","article-title":"MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells support osteoclast formation and activation","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Burr, D., and Allen, M. (2013). Basic and Applied Bone Biology, Elsevier. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.10.007","article-title":"Role and mechanism of action of sclerostin in bone","volume":"96","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-021-00712-9","article-title":"Osteocytes and Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Pin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-016-0315-2","article-title":"The Bone Microenvironment: A Fertile Soil for Tumor Growth","volume":"14","author":"Buenrostro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"753","article-title":"Mechanisms of osteolytic and osteoblastic skeletal lesions","volume":"4","author":"Silbermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40610-015-0026-y","article-title":"Osteocytes and Skeletal Pathophysiology","volume":"1","author":"Bellido","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3055","article-title":"Cancer to bone: A fatal attraction","volume":"11","author":"Weilbaecher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(91)90057-P","article-title":"Mechanisms of osteolytic bone destruction","volume":"12","author":"Mundy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"98","article-title":"The distribution of secondary growths in cancer of the breast. 1889","volume":"8","author":"Paget","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc867","article-title":"Metastasis to bone: Causes, consequences and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"2","author":"Mundy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0480-6","article-title":"Osteoblastic Factors in Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-014-1247-x","article-title":"Differences of osteoblastic bone metastases and osteolytic bone metastases in clinical features and molecular characteristics","volume":"17","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.320","article-title":"The Amazing Osteocyte","volume":"26","author":"Bonewald","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2015.03.008","article-title":"Tissue invasion and metastasis: Molecular, biological and clinical perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.07.023","article-title":"Epithelial plasticity, cancer stem cells and bone metastasis formation","volume":"48","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0736-3","article-title":"Prostate cancer promotes a vicious cycle of bone metastasis progression through inducing osteocytes to secrete GDF15 that stimulates prostate cancer growth and invasion","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0858-5","article-title":"The role of osteocytes in bone mechanotransduction","volume":"20","author":"Santos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verbruggen, S.W., Thompson, C.L., Duffy, M.P., Lunetto, S., Nolan, J., Pearce, O.M.T., Jacobs, C.R., and Knight, M.M. (2021). Mechanical Stimulation Modulates Osteocyte Regulation of Cancer Cell Phenotype. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13122906"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-0083-6","article-title":"Skeletal loading regulates breast cancer-associated osteolysis in a loading intensity-dependent fashion","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.01.066","article-title":"Shear loaded osteocyte-like-cells affect epithelial and mesenchymal gene expression in DU145 prostate cancer cells, while decreasing their invasion in vitro","volume":"646","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1193","article-title":"New Roles of Osteocytes in Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"36","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23833-1","article-title":"Attraction and Compaction of Migratory Breast Cancer Cells by Bone Matrix Proteins through Tumor-Osteocyte Interactions","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.113","article-title":"Differential impact of adenosine nucleotides released by osteocytes on breast cancer growth and bone metastasis","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5665","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26745","article-title":"Mechanical regulation of breast cancer migration and apoptosis via direct and indirect osteocyte signaling","volume":"119","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12847","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000713RR","article-title":"Mechanical stimulations can inhibit local and remote tumor progression by downregulating WISP1","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Faseb. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3865","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-0056","article-title":"Osteocyte-Driven Downregulation of Snail Restrains Effects of Drd2 Inhibitors on Mammary Tumor Cells","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5597","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2016.101","article-title":"Osteocytic connexin hemichannels suppress breast cancer growth and bone metastasis","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sano, T., Sun, X., Feng, Y., Liu, S., Hase, M., Fan, Y., Zha, R., Wu, D., Aryal, U.K., and Li, B.Y. (2021). Inhibition of the Growth of Breast Cancer-Associated Brain Tumors by the Osteocyte-Derived Conditioned Medium. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13051061"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42132-x","article-title":"Vinculin Force Sensor Detects Tumor-Osteocyte Interactions","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.12.016","article-title":"Mechanically stimulated osteocytes promote the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells via a potential CXCL1\/2 mechanism","volume":"534","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7590","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28034","article-title":"Mechanically stimulated osteocytes reduce the bone-metastatic potential of breast cancer cells in vitro by signaling through endothelial cells","volume":"120","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-00111-3","article-title":"Mechanical suppression of breast cancer cell invasion and paracrine signaling to osteoclasts requires nucleo-cytoskeletal connectivity","volume":"8","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105500","article-title":"Reduction of breast cancer extravasation via vibration activated osteocyte regulation","volume":"25","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iscience"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.13055\/ojhmt_3_S1_04.120221","article-title":"Cell Trafficking in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"3","author":"Bianchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.484.484","article-title":"Osteocyte apoptosis attracts myeloma cells to bone and supports progression through regulation of the bone marrow microenvironment","volume":"128","author":"Trotter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-2493","article-title":"Tumor-induced pressure in the bone microenvironment causes osteocytes to promote the growth of prostate cancer bone metastases","volume":"75","author":"Sottnik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2021.116074","article-title":"Reorganization of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network characteristics in tumor sites of an immunocompetent murine model of osteotropic cancers","volume":"152","author":"Hemmatian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Riquelme, M.A., Tu, C., Quan, Y., Liu, X., Sun, L.Z., and Jiang, J.X. (2021). Osteocytic Connexin Hemichannels Modulate Oxidative Bone Microenvironment and Breast Cancer Growth. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13246343"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-021-00152-2","article-title":"Overexpression of Lrp5 enhanced the anti-breast cancer effects of osteocytes in bone","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c01476","article-title":"Probing Osteocyte Functions in Gelatin Hydrogels with Tunable Viscoelasticity","volume":"22","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1703","article-title":"Bidirectional Notch Signaling and Osteocyte-Derived Factors in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment Promote Tumor Cell Proliferation and Bone Destruction in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"76","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01285-09","article-title":"Notch and the skeleton","volume":"30","author":"Zanotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.497","article-title":"Notch signalling in cancer progression and bone metastasis","volume":"105","author":"Sethi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2022.100785","article-title":"Notch3 signaling between myeloma cells and osteocytes in the tumor niche promotes tumor growth and bone destruction","volume":"28","author":"Sabol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.05.014","article-title":"Low intensity vibration mitigates tumor progression and protects bone quantity and quality in a murine model of myeloma","volume":"90","author":"Pagnotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30314","article-title":"Mechanical loading attenuates breast cancer-associated bone metastasis in obese mice by regulating the bone marrow microenvironment","volume":"236","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2021.116100","article-title":"Moderate tibial loading and treadmill running, but not overloading, protect adult murine bone from destruction by metastasized breast cancer","volume":"153","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Liu, S., Zha, R., Sun, X., Li, K., Robling, A., Li, B., and Yokota, H. (2021). Mechanical Loading-Driven Tumor Suppression Is Mediated by Lrp5-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020267"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5102","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-0524","article-title":"Targeting Notch Inhibitors to the Myeloma Bone Marrow Niche Decreases Tumor Growth and Bone Destruction without Gut Toxicity","volume":"81","author":"Sabol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602278","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.602278","article-title":"Blood Vessels and Vascular Niches in Bone Development and Physiological Remodeling","volume":"8","author":"Hendriks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5046953","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5046953","article-title":"Structure and Functions of Blood Vessels and Vascular Niches in Bone","volume":"2017","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13145","article-title":"Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone","volume":"507","author":"Kusumbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribatti, D., and Vacca, A. (2018). New Insights in Anti-Angiogenesis in Multiple Myeloma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19072031"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404067","article-title":"Bone marrow angiogenesis in multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Vacca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-017-0037-4","article-title":"Pathogenesis of bone disease in multiple myeloma: From bench to bedside","volume":"8","author":"Terpos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9794-7","article-title":"Signaling between tumor cells and the host bone marrow microenvironment","volume":"94","author":"Kovacic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4257","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209456","article-title":"Importance of the bone marrow microenvironment in inducing the angiogenic response in multiple myeloma","volume":"25","author":"Ribatti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21283","article-title":"Osteocyte apoptosis is mechanically regulated and induces angiogenesis in vitro","volume":"29","author":"Cheung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04679-7","article-title":"Osteocytic oxygen sensing controls bone mass through epigenetic regulation of sclerostin","volume":"9","author":"Stegen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74352-x","article-title":"Osteocyte Vegf-a contributes to myeloma-associated angiogenesis and is regulated by Fgf23","volume":"10","author":"Mulcrone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642352","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.642352","article-title":"Notch Signaling in Vascular Endothelial Cells, Angiogenesis, and Tumor Progression: An Update and Prospective","volume":"9","author":"Akil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1586\/17474086.2013.874943","article-title":"Management of bone disease in multiple myeloma","volume":"7","author":"Terpos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860802167490","article-title":"Fracture risk in patients with different types of cancer","volume":"48","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22403","article-title":"Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease","volume":"109","author":"Roodman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6213s","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1007","article-title":"Basic mechanisms responsible for osteolytic and osteoblastic bone metastases","volume":"12","author":"Guise","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.3816\/CBC.2005.s.004","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastases to bone","volume":"5","author":"Guise","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00666208","article-title":"Osteolytic bone metastasis in breast cancer","volume":"32","author":"Yoneda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2781","article-title":"Breast cancer metastasis to the bone: Mechanisms of bone loss","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00352","article-title":"Mechanically-Loaded Breast Cancer Cells Modify Osteocyte Mechanosensitivity by Secreting Factors That Increase Osteocyte Dendrite Formation and Downstream Resorption","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.381","article-title":"Increased osteocyte death in multiple myeloma patients: Role in myeloma-induced osteoclast formation","volume":"26","author":"Giuliani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2741","article-title":"The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Maintains Osteocyte Viability in Multiple Myeloma Patients by Reducing Both Apoptosis and Autophagy: A New Function for Proteasome Inhibitors","volume":"31","author":"Toscani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31356-7","article-title":"Osteocyte CIITA aggravates osteolytic bone lesions in myeloma","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.07.120","article-title":"High-mobility group box 1 induces bone destruction associated with advanced oral squamous cancer via RAGE and TLR4","volume":"531","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.06.030","article-title":"Non-bone metastatic cancers promote osteocyte-induced bone destruction","volume":"520","author":"Pin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2016.12.003","article-title":"Synchronous disruption of anisotropic arrangement of the osteocyte network and collagen\/apatite in melanoma bone metastasis","volume":"197","author":"Sekita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30559-3","article-title":"Treatment of multiple myeloma-related bone disease: Recommendations from the Bone Working Group of the International Myeloma Working Group","volume":"22","author":"Terpos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2018.10.004","article-title":"Metastatic bone disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic options: Up-date on bone metastasis management","volume":"15","author":"Coleman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bone Oncol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25266","article-title":"Risks and Benefits of Bisphosphonate Therapies","volume":"117","author":"Reyes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.002","article-title":"Osteoclasts recycle via osteomorphs during RANKL-stimulated bone resorption","volume":"184","author":"McDonald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5961","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.915986","article-title":"Fluid Shear Stress Increases Osteocyte and Inhibits Osteoclasts via Downregulating Receptor-Activator of Nuclear Factor \u03baB (RANK)\/Osteoprotegerin Expression in Myeloma Microenvironment","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C.Y., Song, X., Ke, Y., Raha, A., Wu, Y., Wasi, M., Wang, L., Geng, F., and You, L. (2022). Yoda1 Enhanced Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration on Osteocytes in Regulation of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Migration. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143395"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1966","article-title":"In vivo tibial compression decreases osteolysis and tumor formation in a human metastatic breast cancer model","volume":"28","author":"Lynch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.05.004","article-title":"Low magnitude mechanical signals mitigate osteopenia without compromising longevity in an aged murine model of spontaneous granulosa cell ovarian cancer","volume":"51","author":"Pagnotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagnotti, G.M., Trivedi, T., Wright, L.E., John, S.K., Murthy, S., Pattyn, R.R., Willis, M.S., She, Y., Suresh, S., and Thompson, W.R. (2023). Low-Magnitude Mechanical Signals Combined with Zoledronic Acid Reduce Musculoskeletal Weakness and Adiposity in Estrogen-Deprived Mice. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.12.531571"},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"e22196","article-title":"The Notch pathway regulates the bone gain induced by PTH anabolic signaling","volume":"36","author":"McAndrews","year":"2022","journal-title":"Faseb. J."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116476","article-title":"Induction of a NOTCH3 Lehman syndrome mutation in osteocytes causes osteopenia in male C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"162","author":"Canalis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28960","article-title":"An antibody to Notch3 reverses the skeletal phenotype of lateral meningocele syndrome in male mice","volume":"235","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, J., Piemontese, M., Onal, M., Campbell, J., Goellner, J.J., Dusevich, V., Bonewald, L., Manolagas, S.C., and O\u2019Brien, C.A. (2015). Osteocytes, not Osteoblasts or Lining Cells, are the Main Source of the RANKL Required for Osteoclast Formation in Remodeling Bone. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138189"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.10.010","article-title":"The anti-tumor effect of RANKL inhibition in malignant solid tumors\u2014A systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Kroep","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30072-X","article-title":"Denosumab versus zoledronic acid in bone disease treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: An international, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"19","author":"Raje","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"396","article-title":"Romosozumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis","volume":"376","author":"Cosman","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.152","article-title":"Genetic deletion of Sost or pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin prevent multiple myeloma-induced bone disease without affecting tumor growth","volume":"31","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e125543","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.125543","article-title":"Sclerostin inhibition alleviates breast cancer-induced bone metastases and muscle weakness","volume":"5","author":"Hesse","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01697-4","article-title":"Targeting SOST using a small-molecule compound retards breast cancer bone metastasis","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiraga, T., Horibe, K., Koide, M., Yamashita, T., and Kobayashi, Y. (2023). Sclerostin blockade promotes bone metastases of Wnt-responsive breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci.","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15765"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-03-773341","article-title":"Inhibiting the osteocyte-specific protein sclerostin increases bone mass and fracture resistance in multiple myeloma","volume":"129","author":"McDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E478","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1409857112","article-title":"Osteocytes mediate the anabolic actions of canonical Wnt\/b-catenin signaling in bone","volume":"112","author":"Tu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11913-7","article-title":"Sclerostin induced tumor growth, bone metastasis and osteolysis in breast cancer","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27342","article-title":"Elevated circulating sclerostin correlates with advanced disease features and abnormal bone remodeling in symptomatic myeloma: Reduction post-bortezomib monotherapy","volume":"131","author":"Terpos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2789","article-title":"Regulation of Sclerostin Expression in Multiple Myeloma by Dkk-1; A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Myeloma Bone Disease","volume":"31","author":"Eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"1874598","article-title":"Systemic Alterations of Wnt Inhibitors in Patients with Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases","volume":"2018","author":"Aufderklamm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Mrk."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17975","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36424-x","article-title":"Human ex vivo 3D bone model recapitulates osteocyte response to metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Choudhary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2012.101","article-title":"Wnt and Wnt inhibitors in bone metastasis","volume":"1","author":"Sottnik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudson, B.D., Hum, N.R., Thomas, C.B., Kohlgruber, A., Sebastian, A., Collette, N.M., Coleman, M.A., Christiansen, B.A., and Loots, G.G. (2015). SOST Inhibits Prostate Cancer Invasion. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142058"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3613","article-title":"Differential effects on lung and bone metastasis of breast cancer by Wnt signalling inhibitor DKK1","volume":"19","author":"Zhuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030847","article-title":"The role of the Wnt-signaling antagonist DKK1 in the development of osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma","volume":"349","author":"Tian","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603959","article-title":"Increased Dickkopf-1 expression in breast cancer bone metastases","volume":"97","author":"Goehrig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ideta, H., Yoshida, K., Okamoto, M., Sasaki, J., Kito, M., Aoki, K., Yoshimura, Y., Suzuki, S., Tanaka, A., and Takazawa, A. (2021). Antitumor Effect of Sclerostin against Osteosarcoma. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13236015"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e328349c524","article-title":"Bone effects of cancer therapies: Pros and cons","volume":"5","author":"Silbermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2016.304","article-title":"Wnt signaling in cancer","volume":"36","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2021.115998","article-title":"Suppression of cancer-associated bone loss through dynamic mechanical loading","volume":"150","author":"Pagnotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0170-1","article-title":"Combating osteoporosis and obesity with exercise: Leveraging cell mechanosensitivity","volume":"15","author":"Pagnotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1060","article-title":"Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 as Therapeutic Targets in Bone Diseases","volume":"33","author":"Ke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.081104","article-title":"Inhibiting Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) removes suppression of bone formation and prevents the development of osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma","volume":"24","author":"Heath","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-11-191577","article-title":"Anti-DKK1 mAb (BHQ880) as a potential therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma","volume":"114","author":"Fulciniti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13056","article-title":"A Phase IB multicentre dose-determination study of BHQ880 in combination with anti-myeloma therapy and zoledronic acid in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma and prior skeletal-related events","volume":"167","author":"Iyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98673","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.98673","article-title":"Sclerostin neutralization unleashes the osteoanabolic effects of Dkk1 inhibition","volume":"3","author":"Witcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11505","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11505","article-title":"A bispecific antibody targeting sclerostin and DKK-1 promotes bone mass accrual and fracture repair","volume":"7","author":"Florio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simic, M.K., Mohanty, S.T., Xiao, Y., Cheng, T.L., Taylor, V.E., Charlat, O., Daley, M., Croucher, P.I., and McDonald, M.M. (2023). Multi-targeting DKK1 and LRP6 Prevents Bone Loss and Improves Fracture Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. J. Bone Miner. Res.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4809"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708322","article-title":"Romosozumab or Alendronate for Fracture Prevention in Women with Osteoporosis","volume":"377","author":"Saag","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02163","article-title":"A Phase 3 Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Romosozumab in Men With Osteoporosis","volume":"103","author":"Lewiecki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26831","article-title":"Aplidin (plitidepsin) is a novel anti-myeloma agent with potent anti-resorptive activity mediated by direct effects on osteoclasts","volume":"10","author":"Kurihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5216","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-5725","article-title":"Aplidin, a marine organism-derived compound with potent antimyeloma activity in vitro and in vivo","volume":"68","author":"Mitsiades","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3978","article-title":"Targeted Reduction of Senescent Cell Burden Alleviates Focal Radiotherapy-Related Bone Loss","volume":"35","author":"Chandra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2996","article-title":"Suppression of Sclerostin Alleviates Radiation-Induced Bone Loss by Protecting Bone-Forming Cells and Their Progenitors Through Distinct Mechanisms","volume":"32","author":"Chandra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2458","article-title":"Single-Limb Irradiation Induces Local and Systemic Bone Loss in a Murine Model","volume":"30","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2016.04.003","article-title":"Vascular niches for disseminated tumour cells in bone","volume":"5","author":"Kusumbe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Oncol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2767","article-title":"The perivascular niche regulates breast tumour dormancy","volume":"15","author":"Ghajar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.44","article-title":"Bone metastasis: The importance of the neighbourhood","volume":"16","author":"Croucher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8983","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9983","article-title":"Osteoclasts control reactivation of dormant myeloma cells by remodelling the endosteal niche","volume":"6","author":"Lawson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24793","article-title":"Osteocytes serve as a progenitor cell of osteosarcoma","volume":"115","author":"Sottnik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-013-1399-z","article-title":"Dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) is a marker of bone-forming tumours","volume":"462","author":"Kashima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38034-2","article-title":"Bone marrow endosteal stem cells dictate active osteogenesis and aggressive tumorigenesis","volume":"14","author":"Matsushita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/9\/2645\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:30:50Z","timestamp":1760124650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/9\/2645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers15092645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15092645","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]}}}