{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:19:04Z","timestamp":1787498344861,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Social Fund and the Latvian state budget","award":["8.2.2.0\/20\/l\/004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8.2.2.0\/20\/l\/004"]}]},{"name":"Riga Stradin\u0161 University Department of Otorhinolaryngology","award":["8.2.2.0\/20\/l\/004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8.2.2.0\/20\/l\/004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of HPV in the survival prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, especially patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC), is still somewhat ambiguous. The present study aimed to explore the significance of tumor suppressor proteins and HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins in the assessment of survival in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), LSCC, and HPSCC associated with high-risk (HR-) and low-risk (LR-) HPV infections. By utilizing molecular and immunohistochemical investigations of HNSCC samples and patient data, univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted. The presence of HPV DNA (LR- and HR-HPV) was associated with a better 5-year OS and DSS for OPSCC and LSCC. The IHC overexpression of HPV16 E6 protein and p16 protein was associated with better survival in the univariate (for OPSCC) and multivariate (OPSCC and HPSCC) survival analyses. The overexpression of p53 was associated with better survival in OPSCC. HPV infection plays a significant role in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC, and the immunohistochemical assessment of HPV16 E6 protein expression should be interpreted as a useful prognostic marker for OPSCC and HPSCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15102722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T01:05:10Z","timestamp":1683853510000},"page":"2722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Role of the p16 and p53 Tumor Suppressor Proteins and Viral HPV16 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in the Assessment of Survival in Patients with Head and Neck Cancers Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3546-5612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrejs","family":"Lifsics","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Pilso\u0146u 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6883-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksims","family":"Cistjakovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, R\u0101tsup\u012btes 5, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5820-1783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liba","family":"Sokolovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, R\u0101tsup\u012btes 5, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renars","family":"Deksnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Pilso\u0146u 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modra","family":"Murovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, R\u0101tsup\u012btes 5, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2616-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerija","family":"Groma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Kronvalda blvd 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-022-5166-x","article-title":"Reviewing the Epidemiology of Head and Neck Cancer: Definitions, Trends and Risk Factors","volume":"233","author":"Gormley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. 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