{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:52:08Z","timestamp":1784127128208,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1I1A1A01065835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01065835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02-2016-0048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02-2016-0048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016275","name":"SNUBH Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1I1A1A01065835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01065835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016275","name":"SNUBH Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02-2016-0048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02-2016-0048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, on the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. We analyzed 9,892,633 Korean adults who underwent a medical check-up in the year 2009, and they were followed up until the year 2017. Allergic diseases and cancers were defined using the International Classification of Disease Codes. A Cox proportional hazards model was adapted to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a 7.3-year follow-up period, 48,045 patients were diagnosed with cancer. For all-combined allergic diseases, significant inverse associations were observed for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum, and liver (adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs [95% confidence interval, CI] 0.86 [0.82\u20130.91], 0.93 [0.91\u20130.94], 0.95 [0.93\u20130.96], and 0.90 [0.88\u20130.92], respectively). The sex-stratified analysis showed that the preventive effect of allergic diseases was persistent in gastric, colorectal, and liver cancers regardless of sex, while the inverse associations with esophageal and pancreatic cancers were observed only in men (aHR [95% CI] 0.84 [0.80\u20130.89] and 0.96 [0.93\u20130.99]). Allergic diseases, particularly allergic rhinitis, in adults were significantly associated with a decreased risk of most GI cancers, except for gallbladder and biliary tract cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15123219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T08:56:01Z","timestamp":1686905761000},"page":"3219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Allergic Diseases and Risk of Malignancy of Gastrointestinal Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yoon Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Hyo","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Hyun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2265-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheol Min","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0","article-title":"Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys","volume":"368","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12784","article-title":"The march from early life food sensitization to allergic disease: A systematic review and meta-analyses of birth cohort studies","volume":"71","author":"Alduraywish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880715)62:2<451::AID-CNCR2820620234>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Allergy and risk of cancer. 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