{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:05:43Z","timestamp":1791947143279,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005972","name":"German Cancer Aid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70114705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70114705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The poor outcome of metastasized breast cancer (BC) stresses the need for reliable personalized oncology and the significance of models recapitulating the heterogeneous nature of BC. Here, we cultured metastatic tumor cells derived from advanced BC patients with malignant ascites (MA) or malignant pleural effusion (MPE) using organoid technology. We identified the characteristics of tumor organoids by applying immunohistochemistry and mutation analysis. Tumor organoids preserved their expression patterns and hotspot mutations when compared to their original metastatic counterpart and are consequently a well-suited in vitro model for metastasized BC. We treated the tumor organoids to implement a reliable application for drug screenings of metastasized cells. Drug assays revealed that responses are not always in accord with expression patterns, pathway activation, and hotspot mutations. The discrepancy between characterization and functional testing underlines the relevance of linking IHC stainings and mutational analysis of metastasized BC with in vitro drug assays. Our metastatic BC organoids recapitulate the characteristics of their original sample derived from MA and MPE and serve as an invaluable tool that can be utilized in a preclinical setting for guiding therapy decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15143602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:39:41Z","timestamp":1689295181000},"page":"3602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Advancing Cancer Therapy Predictions with Patient-Derived Organoid Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cansu E.","family":"\u00d6nder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8043-9463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa J.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronja","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5162-1542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Y.","family":"Brucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1227-1118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas D.","family":"Hartkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8063-2053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Engler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3502-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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