{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:48:42Z","timestamp":1791319722712,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Faculty of the University of Augsburg (\u201cIntramurale Forschungsf\u00f6rderung Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t\u201d)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The collective of the SerMa pilot study included 100 cases of primary breast cancer or Carcinoma in situ who had undergone a mastectomy procedure with or without reconstruction of the breast using an implant or expander at Augsburg University Hospital between 12\/2019 and 12\/2022. The study aimed to investigate possible causes of seroma formation; reported here are the clinicopathological correlations between seroma formation and tumor biology and surgical procedures. Seroma occurred significantly more often in patients with older age (median patient age in cases with seroma was 73 years vs. 52 years without seroma; p &lt; 0.001). In addition, patients with larger mastectomy specimen were significantly more likely to develop seroma (median ablation weight in cases with seroma 580 g vs. 330 g without seroma; p &lt; 0.001). Other significant parameters for seroma formation were BMI (p = 0.005), grading (p = 0.015) and tumor size (p = 0.036). In addition, with insertion of implant or expander, a seroma occurred significantly less frequently (p &lt; 0.001). In a binary logistic regression, age in particular was confirmed as a significant risk factor. In contrast, tumor biological characteristics, number of lymph nodes removed or affected showed no significant effect on seroma formation. The present study shows the need for patient education about the development of seroma in particular in older patients and patients with large breast volumes within the preoperative surgical clarification. These clinicopathological data support the previously published results hypothesizing that seroma formation is related to autoimmune\/inflammatory processes and will be tested on a larger collective in the planned international multicenter SerMa study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15143606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:39:41Z","timestamp":1689295181000},"page":"3606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elderly and Patients with Large Breast Volume Have an Increased Risk of Seroma Formation after Mastectomy\u2014Results of the SerMa Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6463-1499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melitta Beatrice","family":"K\u00f6pke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2576-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl Mathis","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Digital Medicine, University Augsburg, 86153 Neus\u00e4\u00df, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Pochert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department for Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicitas","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Sagasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8708-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorsten","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Filderklinik, Filderstadt-Bonlanden, 70794 Filderstadt, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, 89070 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Untch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helios Clinic Berlin-Buch, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 13125 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hinske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Digital Medicine, University Augsburg, 86153 Neus\u00e4\u00df, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Reiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Traidl-Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Dannecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2623-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Jeschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Ditsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-021-01049-9","article-title":"Flap fixation in preventing seroma formation after mastectomy: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Velotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Updates Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2010.03.002","article-title":"Seroma fluid subsequent to axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer derives from an accumulation of afferent lymph","volume":"131","author":"Montalto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. 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