{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:02:39Z","timestamp":1785816159173,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC-2022-2773402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC-2022-2773402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In polycythemia vera (PV), the prognostic relevance of an ELN-defined complete response (CR) to hydroxyurea (HU), the predictors of response, and patients\u2019 triggers for switching to ruxolitinib are uncertain. In a real-world analysis, we evaluated the predictors of response, their impact on the clinical outcomes of CR to HU, and the correlations between partial or no response (PR\/NR) and a patient switching to ruxolitinib. Among 563 PV patients receiving HU for \u226512 months, 166 (29.5%) achieved CR, 264 achieved PR, and 133 achieved NR. In a multivariate analysis, the absence of splenomegaly (p = 0.03), pruritus (p = 0.002), and a median HU dose of \u22651 g\/day (p &lt; 0.001) remained associated with CR. Adverse events were more frequent with a median HU dose of \u22651 g\/day. Overall, 283 PR\/NR patients (71.3%) continued HU, and 114 switched to ruxolitinib. In the 449 patients receiving only HU, rates of thrombosis, hemorrhages, progression, and overall survival were comparable among the CR, PR, and NR groups. Many PV patients received underdosed HU, leading to lower CR and toxicity rates. In addition, many patients continued HU despite a PR\/NR; however, splenomegaly and other symptoms were the main drivers of an early switch. Better HU management, standardization of the criteria for and timing of responses to HU, and adequate intervention in poor responders should be advised.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15143706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:12:28Z","timestamp":1690161148000},"page":"3706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Predictors of Response to Hydroxyurea and Switch to Ruxolitinib in HU-Resistant Polycythaemia VERA Patients: A Real-World PV-NET Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8367-5668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Palandri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ematologia \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli\u201d, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hematology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5769-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Auteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ematologia \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli\u201d, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1163-6162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Breccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, University Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Paglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3200-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Benevolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5576-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena M.","family":"Elli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cavazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Binotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Tieghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9449-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Tiribelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and BMT, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2438-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cuneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7280-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Krampera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Section of Biomedicine of Innovation, Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpietro","family":"Semenzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto M.","family":"Lemoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of 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Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.07.062","article-title":"Vascular and neoplastic risk in a large cohort of patients with polycythemia vera","volume":"23","author":"Marchioli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.9337","article-title":"Symptomatic Profiles of Patients With Polycythemia Vera: Implications of Inadequately Controlled Disease","volume":"34","author":"Geyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01401-3","article-title":"Polycythemia vera: Historical oversights, diagnostic details, and therapeutic views","volume":"35","author":"Tefferi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.129155","article-title":"From leeches to personalized medicine: Evolving concepts in the management of polycythemia vera","volume":"102","author":"Vannucchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e301","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00046-1","article-title":"Appropriate management of polycythaemia vera with cytoreductive drug therapy: European LeukemiaNet 2021 recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Marchetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-10-387787","article-title":"Assessment and prognostic value of the European LeukemiaNet criteria for clinicohematologic response, resistance, and intolerance to hydroxyurea in polycythemia vera","volume":"119","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13886","article-title":"Frequency and prognostic value of resistance\/intolerance to hydroxycarbamide in 890 patients with polycythaemia vera","volume":"172","author":"Kerguelen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. 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