{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:49Z","timestamp":1787027809434,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myelodysplastic\/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS\/MPN) are hematological disorders characterized by both proliferative and dysplastic features. According to the 2022 International Consensus Classification (ICC), MDS\/MPN consists of clonal monocytosis of undetermined significance (CMUS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), MDS\/MPN with SF3B1 mutation (MDS\/MPN-T-SF3B1), MDS\/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis not otherwise specified (MDS\/MPN-RS-T-NOS), and MDS\/MPN-NOS. These disorders exhibit a diverse range of genetic alterations involving various transcription factors (e.g., RUNX1), signaling molecules (e.g., NRAS, JAK2), splicing factors (e.g., SF3B, SRSF2), and epigenetic regulators (e.g., TET2, ASXL1, DNMT3A), as well as specific cytogenetic abnormalities (e.g., 8 trisomies, 7 deletions\/monosomies). Clinical studies exploring therapeutic options for higher-risk MDS\/MPN overlap syndromes mostly involve hypomethylating agents, but other treatments such as lenalidomide and targeted agents such as JAK inhibitors and inhibitors targeting PARP, histone deacetylases, and the Ras pathway are under investigation. While these treatment modalities can provide partial disease control, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is the only potentially curative option for patients. Important prognostic factors correlating with outcomes after allo-BMT include comorbidities, splenomegaly, karyotype alterations, and the bone marrow blasts percentage at the time of transplantation. Future research is imperative to optimizing therapeutic strategies and enhancing patient outcomes in MDS\/MPN neoplasms. In this review, we summarize MDS\/MPN diagnostic criteria, biology, and current and future treatment options, including bone marrow transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15153815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T02:08:00Z","timestamp":1690510080000},"page":"3815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Definitions, Biology, and Current Therapeutic Landscape of Myelodysplastic\/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9002-7697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margo B.","family":"Gerke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3527-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6792-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodoros","family":"Karantanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544","article-title":"The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Arber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1","article-title":"The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic\/Dendritic Neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Khoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850","article-title":"International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: Integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data","volume":"140","author":"Arber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.03.011","article-title":"Myeloid malignancies in the real-world: Occurrence, progression and survival in the UK\u2019s population-based Haematological Malignancy Research Network 2004\u201315","volume":"42","author":"Roman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25684","article-title":"Chronic Myelomonocytic leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management","volume":"95","author":"Patnaik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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