{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:18:05Z","timestamp":1787314685960,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["I0-0010-0302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I0-0010-0302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma are recognized to have an increased risk of stroke and carotid artery disease owing to neck irradiation (RT). However, it remains unclear whether the vascular modifications induced by the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma during childhood persist over the long term. Methods: Our matched study involved 79 survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood who received neck RT and 57 healthy controls. Parameters of arterial stiffness (AS), intima-media thickness (IMT), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of carotid arteries were assessed using ultrasound. Results: Our patient cohort demonstrated a significant increase in AS compared to controls (p &lt; 0.05), though no such disparity was observed for FMD (p = 0.111). Neck RT intensified AS (B = 0.037, p = 0.000), while anthracyclines attenuated it (B = \u22120.803, p = 0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed a positive correlation between neck RT (p &lt; 0.001) and AS. However, we found no significant association between neck RT and FMD (p = 0.277). We identified a substantial positive correlation between the dose of neck RT and AS. Conclusions: Vascular changes in survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma after neck RT seem to be long-term. Therefore, these patients may have an increased risk of stroke. We suggest refinement of international guidelines according to our results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15153992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T10:01:53Z","timestamp":1691316113000},"page":"3992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long-Term Adverse Effects of Neck Radiotherapy in Childhood on the Carotid Arteries in Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Popit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital Murska Sobota, Ulica dr. Vrbnjaka 6, 9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Zaletel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurology and Intensive Neurological Therapy, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bojana","family":"\u017dvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurology and Intensive Neurological Therapy, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4423-0276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna Zadravec","family":"Zaletel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Radiotherapy Department, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersson, A., Enblad, G., Erlanson, M., Johansson, A.-S., Molin, D., Tavelin, B., N\u00e4slund, U., and Melin, B. 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