{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:19:22Z","timestamp":1771611562284,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now described as an extremely heterogeneous disease in its clinical presentation, histology, molecular characteristics, and patient conditions. Over the past 20 years, the management of lung cancer has evolved with positive results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for NSCLC in both metastatic and locally advanced stages. The identification of molecular alterations in NSCLC has also allowed the development of targeted therapies, which provide better outcomes than chemotherapy in selected patients. However, patients usually develop acquired resistance to these treatments. On the other hand, thoracic surgery has progressed thanks to minimally invasive procedures, pre-habilitation and enhanced recovery after surgery. Moreover, within thoracic surgery, precision surgery considers the patient and his\/her disease in their entirety to offer the best oncologic strategy. Surgeons support patients from pre-operative rehabilitation to surgery and beyond. They are involved in post-treatment follow-up and lung cancer recurrence. When conventional therapies are no longer effective, salvage surgery can be performed on selected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15164039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T10:21:50Z","timestamp":1691576510000},"page":"4039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Beyond the Frontline: A Triple-Line Approach of Thoracic Surgeons in Lung Cancer Management\u2014State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7749-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bottet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Center University De Rouen, 1 Rue de Germont, F-76000 Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8779-586X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Piton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Normandy University, F-76000 Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France"},{"name":"INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandy, F-76000 Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Sarsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Center University De Rouen, 1 Rue de Germont, F-76000 Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8166-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Guisier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, CHU Rouen, 1 Rue de Germont, F-76000 Rouen, France"},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center, Rouen University Hospital, CIC INSERM 1404, 1 Rue de Germont, F-76000 Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1739-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Baste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Center University De Rouen, 1 Rue de Germont, F-76000 Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA. 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