{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:48:30Z","timestamp":1776876510026,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral lichen ruber planus (OLP) is a poorly understood chronically inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. Malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is reported in between 1\u20132% of cases in the literature. After malignant transformation, surgical treatment\u2014meaning tumor resection combined with neck dissection\u2014is recommended. The recommended extent of treatment is controversial in the literature because this kind of OSCC is often a highly differentiated tumor with a lower risk for lymph nodal spreading. This study aims to overview 103 patients treated in our department due to OLP. The primary outcome parameter was the development of metastases in OLP patients compared to a group of OSCC patients without OLP and the comparison of survival in between both groups. Statistical analysis showed a significantly lower risk for patients with OSCC and with OLP for lymph nodal spreading (p = 0.013). Patients with OSCC and without OLP had a 4.76-higher risk for lymph nodal spreading. On the other hand, second metachronous tumor occurred more often in patients with OSCC and OLP. Overall, OSCC based on OLP occurs more often in female patients, is more highly differentiated and comes with a lower risk for metastases but has a higher risk for second metachronous tumors. Therefore, special attention should be paid to patients with OSCC based on OLP when planning adjuvant therapy and clinical follow-up. The indication for postoperative radiation should be made cautiously in this case, and clinical controls should be performed more closely due to the risk of recurrent disease or tumors at different locations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15164092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T10:40:31Z","timestamp":1692009631000},"page":"4092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Metastases of OSCC Based on Oral Lichen Ruber Planus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3686-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina Theresa","family":"Obermeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-7255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina Noreen","family":"Wuersching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paris","family":"Liokatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenko","family":"Smolka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Poxleitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christin","family":"Kleye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ehrenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2794-6245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Kollmuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12885","article-title":"Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Giuliani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"501","article-title":"Clinical Pathological Conference No. 16. 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