{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:45:54Z","timestamp":1791942354268,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) currently represents one of the malignant hemopathies with the best therapeutic responses, following the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and subsequently of arsenic trioxide (ATO) treatment. As a result, a large proportion of patients with APL achieve long-term responses after first-line therapy, so performing a hematopoietic stem cell transplant as consolidation of first complete remission (CR) is no longer necessary. Even in the case of relapses, most patients obtain a new remission as a result of therapy with ATO and ATRA, but an effective consolidation treatment is necessary to maintain it. The experience accumulated from studies published in the last two decades shows the effectiveness of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in improving the outcome of patients who achieve a new CR. Thus, the expert groups recommend transplantation as consolidation therapy in patients with a second CR, with the indication for autologous HSCT in cases with molecular CR and for allogeneic HSCT in patients with the persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) or with early relapse. However, there is a variety of controversial aspects related to the role of HSCT in APL, ranging from the fact that outcome data are obtained almost exclusively from retrospective studies and historical analyses to questions related to the type of transplantation, the impact of minimal residual disease, conditioning regimens, or the role of other therapeutic options. All these questions justify the need for controlled prospective studies in the following years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15164111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T11:09:44Z","timestamp":1692097784000},"page":"4111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in the Era of All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) and Arsenic Trioxide (ATO)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andrei","family":"Colita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina Daniela","family":"Tanase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022338 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Transplant Immunology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciprian","family":"Tomuleasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400015 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Colita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022338 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-007-9097-2","article-title":"Patterns of leukemia incidence in the United States by subtype and demographic characteristics, 1997\u20132002","volume":"19","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00514-3","article-title":"Acute promyelocytic leukemia current treatment algorithms","volume":"11","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-282632","article-title":"Incidence of hematologic malignancies in Europe by morphologic subtype: Results of the HAEMACARE project","volume":"116","author":"Sant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-018-0091-5","article-title":"Acute promyelocytic leukemia: A history over 60 years\u2014From the most malignant to the most curable form of acute leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00561-w","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome of acute myeloid leukemia with uncommon retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARA) fusion variants","volume":"11","author":"Cicconi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402721","article-title":"Acute promyelocytic leukemia: A model for the role of molecular diagnosis and residual disease monitoring in directing treatment approach in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Grimwade","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-01-198911","article-title":"Differentiation therapy of leukemia: 3 decades of development","volume":"113","author":"Nowak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6926(03)00062-8","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukaemia and APL variants","volume":"16","author":"Sirulnik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062524","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1062524","article-title":"The treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in 2023: Paradigm, advances, and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Iyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14009","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14009","article-title":"Role of hematopoietic cell transplantation in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"34","author":"Hashmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-020-0513-y","article-title":"Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) as a maintenance therapy for adult T cell leukemia\/lymphoma","volume":"17","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5191","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.13.5191","article-title":"Arsenic Trioxide Promotes Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity in Resistant Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"16","author":"Bakhshaiesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2022.2022060","article-title":"Treatment for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia: What is the best post-remission treatment?","volume":"57","author":"Min","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-346437","article-title":"Early death rate in acute promyelocytic leukemia remains high despite all-trans retinoic acid","volume":"118","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.12","article-title":"Arsenic trioxide-based therapy of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia: Registry results from the European LeukemiaNet","volume":"29","author":"Lengfelder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-01-894980","article-title":"Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: Updated recommendations from an expert panel of the European LeukemiaNet","volume":"133","author":"Sanz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.1982","article-title":"Improved outcomes with retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide compared with retinoic acid and chemotherapy in non-high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia: Final results of the randomized Italian-German APL0406 trial","volume":"35","author":"Platzbecker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0589-3","article-title":"Longterm results of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide in non-high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia: Update of the APL0406 Italian-German randomized trial","volume":"34","author":"Cicconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00193-X","article-title":"Arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid treatment for acute promyelocytic leukaemia in all risk groups (AML17): Results of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"16","author":"Burnett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614215","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.614215","article-title":"Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Sanz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"293","article-title":"European survey of bone marrow transplantation in acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3). Working Party on Acute Leukemia of the European Cooperative Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (EMBT)","volume":"14","author":"Mandelli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705620","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adults with acute promyelocytic leukemia in the ATRA era: A survey of the European Cooperative Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation","volume":"39","author":"Labopin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-019-02759-y","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in adults: 25 years of experience in Japan","volume":"111","author":"Yanada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-022-01691-w","article-title":"Indications for haematopoietic cell transplantation for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: Current practice in Europe, 2022","volume":"57","author":"Snowden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2023). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines\u00ae), Version 3.2023, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05757.x","article-title":"Fusion between a novel Kruppel-like zinc finger gene and the retinoic acid receptor-alpha locus due to a variant t(11;17) translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.9.1741","article-title":"The signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT5b gene is a new partner of retinoic acid receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic-like leukaemia","volume":"8","author":"Arnould","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4274","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-01-264432","article-title":"BCOR as a novel fusion partner of retinoic acid receptor alpha in a t(X;17) (p11;q12) variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"116","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-10-528596","article-title":"TBLR1 fuses to retinoid acid receptor a in a variant t(3;17) (q26;q21) translocation of acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1297","article-title":"Characterization of acute promyelocytic leukemia cases lacking the classic t(15;17): Results of the European Working Party. Groupe Francais de Cytogenetique Hematologique, Group Francais d\u2019Hematologie Cellulaire, UK Cancer Cytogenetics Group and BIOMED 1 European Community-Concerted Action \u201cMolecular Cytogenetic Diagnosis in Haematological Malignancies\u201d","volume":"96","author":"Grimwade","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.371","article-title":"All-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide resistance of acute promyelocytic leukemia with the variant STAT5B-RARA fusion gene","volume":"27","author":"Strehl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V118.21.83.83","article-title":"Late relapses following all-trans retinoic acid for acute promyelocytic leukemia are uncommon, respond well to salvage therapy and occur independently of prognostic factors at diagnosis: Long-term follow-up of North American Intergroup Study I0129","volume":"118","author":"Douer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.7.2225.419k03_2225_2229","article-title":"Therapy of molecular relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"94","author":"Diverio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404501","article-title":"Outcome of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia failing to front-line treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline-based chemotherapy (PETHEMA protocols LPA96 and LPA99): Benefit of an early intervention","volume":"21","author":"Esteve","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-150250","article-title":"Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: Recommendations from an expert panel on behalf of the European Leukemia Net","volume":"113","author":"Sanz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-407601","article-title":"Treatment-influenced associations of PML-RAR\u03b1mutations, FLT3 mutations, and additional chromosome abnormalities in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"120","author":"Gallagher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-441303","article-title":"Mutation associations in RA-defiant APL","volume":"120","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-07-2200","article-title":"Mutations of the PML tumor suppressor gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"103","author":"Gurrieri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1316382","article-title":"Resistance to arsenic therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"370","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3400-z","article-title":"Prolonged treatment with arsenic trioxide (ATO) and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia previously treated with ATRA and chemotherapy","volume":"97","author":"Cicconi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17221","article-title":"Management of relapse in acute promyelocytic leukaemia treated with up-front arsenic trioxide-based regimens","volume":"192","author":"Fouzia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.127","article-title":"Autologous and Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation As Salvage Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Initially Treated With All-Trans-Retinoic Acid: A Retrospective Analysis of the European Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Group","volume":"23","author":"Fawaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12230","article-title":"Role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia: A retrospective analysis of JALSG-APL97","volume":"104","author":"Fujita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.07.010","article-title":"Comparison of clinical outcomes of patients with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia induced with arsenic trioxide and consolidated with either an autologous stem cell transplant or an arsenic trioxide-based regimen","volume":"15","author":"Thirugnanam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2013.02.023","article-title":"Outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with or without autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Pemmaraju","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.96","article-title":"Autologous transplant remains the preferred therapy for relapsed APL in CR2","volume":"51","author":"Ganzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.8-2-132","article-title":"Arsenic trioxide (trisenox) therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Douer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2014.201","article-title":"Delayed hematopoietic recovery after auto-SCT in patients receiving arsenic trioxide-based therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia: A multi-center analysis","volume":"50","author":"Mannis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.03.025","article-title":"Autologous is superior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute promyelocytic leukemia in second complete remission","volume":"20","author":"Rubinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2016.1231406","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute promyelocytic leukemia in second complete remission: Outcomes before and after the introduction of arsenic trioxide","volume":"58","author":"Yanada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-022-04954-0","article-title":"Treatment for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"101","author":"Yanada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-021-01247-4","article-title":"The evolving concept of indications for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation during first complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"56","author":"Yanada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-008-0020-8","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute promyelocytic leukemia in second or third complete remission: A retrospective analysis in the Nagoya Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group","volume":"87","author":"Kohno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"332","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute promyelocytic leukemia, experience in Iran","volume":"14","author":"Alimoghaddam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Iran. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-020-01162-0","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adults with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia in second complete remission","volume":"56","author":"Sanz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-11-466862","article-title":"Phase 2 study of arsenic trioxide followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"121","author":"Yanada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-08-174946","article-title":"Plerixafor and G-CSF versus placebo and G-CSF to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"113","author":"DiPersio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-009-0488-x","article-title":"Interaction of SDF-1alpha and CXCR4 plays an important role in pulmonary cellular infiltration in differentiation syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"153","article-title":"Quantification of All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Dependent Expression of CXCR4 Gene in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia","volume":"20","author":"Aktan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Turk. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6206","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-162123","article-title":"Chemosensitization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following mobilization by the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100","volume":"113","author":"Nervi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21516","article-title":"Plerixafor, cyclophosphamide and G-CSF and Blood cell mobilization in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"32","author":"Jaimovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Apher."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.016568","article-title":"Mobilization of PML\/RARa negative peripheral blood stem cells with a combination of G-CSF and CXCR4 blockade in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia pre-treated with arsenic trioxide","volume":"95","author":"Stolzel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.3.1321","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute promyelocytic leukemia in second emission: Prognostic relevance of pretransplant minimal residual disease assessment by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of the PML\/RAR alpha fusion gene","volume":"90","author":"Meloni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-021-01501-9","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation during second or subsequent complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia: A prognostic factor analysis","volume":"57","author":"Yanada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2005.07.004","article-title":"Cancer stem cells: Lessons from leukemia","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.09.021","article-title":"Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Patients with Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Yanada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.065714","article-title":"Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for advanced acute promyelocytic leukemia in the ATRA and ATO era","volume":"97","author":"Ramadan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-05-851824","article-title":"Attenuated arsenic trioxide plus ATRA therapy for newly diagnosed and relapsed APL: Long-term follow-up of the AML17 trial","volume":"132","author":"Russell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1550","article-title":"Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) as a single agent for molecularly relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"104","author":"Cimino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13607","article-title":"Tamibarotene in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia relapsing after treatment with all-transretinoic acid and arsenic trioxide","volume":"171","author":"Sanford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"11","article-title":"Refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia successfully treated with combination therapy of arsenic trioxide and tamibarotene: A case report","volume":"5","author":"Kojima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk. Res. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828852","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.828852","article-title":"Clinical response to venetoclax and decitabine in acute promyelocytic leukemia with a novel RARA-THRAP3 fusion: A case report","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693670","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.693670","article-title":"Treatment of central nervous system relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia by venetoclax: A case report","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18061","article-title":"Venetoclax for arsenic-resistant acute promyelocytic leukaemia","volume":"197","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2883","article-title":"A phase II study evaluating the role of bortezomib in the management of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia treated upfront with arsenic trioxide","volume":"9","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0298","article-title":"Oral arsenic trioxide in the treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"102","author":"Au","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31327","article-title":"Long-term outcome of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with oral arsenic trioxide-based reinduction and maintenance regimens: A 15-year prospective study","volume":"124","author":"Gill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795869","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.795869","article-title":"Evolution of Public Health Expenditure Financed by the Romanian Social Health Insurance Scheme From 1999 to 2019","volume":"9","author":"Radu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/16\/4111\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:34:11Z","timestamp":1760128451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/16\/4111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers15164111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15164111","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]}}}