{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:52:17Z","timestamp":1791899537037,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2018\/26297-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/26297-3"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["825771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825771"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["2018\/26297-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/26297-3"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["825771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825771"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Head and neck cancer (HNC) treatments have been based on single or multimodal therapies with surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. However, treatment recommendations among countries may differ due to technological\/human resources and usual local practices. This scoping review aims to identify, compare, and map the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx worldwide. A search strategy on global CPGs for HNC was performed by using five electronic databases and grey literature. CPGs were selected for inclusion using EndNote-20 and Rayyan online software. No language or publication date restrictions were applied. The results were analyzed descriptively considering the most updated CPG version. In total, 25 CPGs covering the head and neck region (10), the larynx (7), the oral cavity (5), and the oropharynx (3), were found in 13 geographical regions, and 19 were developed by medical societies from 1996 to 2023. Surgery and RT remain the main modalities for early-stage HNC, with surgery preferred in low-resource countries, and RT in selected cases, especially in the larynx\/oropharynx aiming to achieve a cure with organ preservation. Human papillomavirus infection for oropharyngeal SCC is not tested in some Asian countries and there is still no consensus to treat p16-positive cases differently from p16-negative. Recommendations for larynx preservation vary according to facilities in each country, however, individualized choice is emphasized. Inequality across countries\/continents is evident, with a similar pattern of recommendations among developed as well as developing ones. No CPGs were found in Latin America as well as Oceania countries, where the incidence of HNC is high and limitations of access to treatment may be encountered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15174405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T02:43:20Z","timestamp":1693795400000},"page":"4405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity, Oropharynx, and Larynx: A Scoping Review of Treatment Guidelines Worldwide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lady Paola Aristizabal","family":"Arboleda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo 01508-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genival Barbosa","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo 01508-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan Roger","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele Aparecida","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Epidemiology and Statistics on Cancer, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Tagua, 440, Liberdade, Sao Paulo CEP 01508-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Guilherme","family":"Vartanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo 01508-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David I.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shama","family":"Virani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/WHO), G2 3JZ Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/WHO), G2 3JZ Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Paulo","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo 01508-020, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Curado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Epidemiology and Statistics on Cancer, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Tagua, 440, Liberdade, Sao Paulo CEP 01508-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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