{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:15:11Z","timestamp":1785240911711,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study was aimed at identifying novel proteins in endometrial cancer (EC), employing proteomic analysis of tissues obtained after surgery. A differential MS-based proteomic analysis was conducted from whole tissues dissected from biopsies from post-menopausal women, histologically confirmed as endometrial cancer (two endometrioid and two serous; n = 4) or normal atrophic endometrium (n = 4), providing 888 differentially expressed proteins with 246 of these previously documented elsewhere as expressed in EC and 372 proteins not previously demonstrated to be expressed in EC but associated with other types of cancer. Additionally, 33 proteins not recorded previously in PubMed as being expressed in any forms of cancer were also identified, with only 26 of these proteins having a publication associated with their expression patterns or putative functions. The putative functions of the 26 proteins (GRN, APP, HEXA, CST3, CAD, QARS, SIAE, WARS, MYH8, CLTB, GOLIM4, SCARB2, BOD1L1, C14orf142, C9orf142, CCDC13, CNPY4, FAM169A, HN1L, PIGT, PLCL1, PMFBP1, SARS2, SCPEP1, SLC25A24 and ZC3H4) in other tissues point towards and provide a basis for further investigation of these previously unrecognised novel EC proteins. The developmental biology, disease, extracellular matrix, homeostatic, immune, metabolic (both RNA and protein), programmed cell death, signal transduction, molecular transport, transcriptional networks and as yet uncharacterised pathways indicate that these proteins are potentially involved in endometrial carcinogenesis and thus may be important in EC diagnosis, prognostication and treatment and thus are worthy of further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15184665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T21:16:49Z","timestamp":1695331009000},"page":"4665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identification of Potentially Novel Molecular Targets of Endometrial Cancer Using a Non-Biased Proteomic Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3260-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony H.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin C.","family":"Konje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Rayyan, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thangesweran","family":"Ayakannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Sunway Medical Centre, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coll-de la Rubia, E., Martinez-Garcia, E., Dittmar, G., Gil-Moreno, A., Cabrera, S., and Colas, E. (2020). Prognostic biomarkers in endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061900"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3322\/CA.2007.0010","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2008","volume":"58","author":"Jemal","year":"2008","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricceri, F., Giraudo, M.T., Fasanelli, F., Milanese, D., Sciannameo, V., Fiorini, L., and Sacerdote, C. (2017). Diet and endometrial cancer: A focus on the role of fruit and vegetable intake, Mediterranean diet and dietary inflammatory index in the endometrial cancer risk. BMC Cancer, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3754-y"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.8.7.1149","article-title":"Current treatment strategies for endometrial cancer","volume":"8","author":"Fiorelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.2820","article-title":"Association of endometrial cancer risk with postmenopausal bleeding in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"178","author":"Clarke","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.05.015","article-title":"Time trends in the incidence of hysterectomy-corrected overall, type 1 and type 2 endometrial cancer in Denmark 1978\u20132014","volume":"146","author":"Faber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.4638","article-title":"Addressing the role of obesity in endometrial cancer risk, prevention, and treatment","volume":"34","author":"Onstad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.038","article-title":"The impact of obesity and age on quality of life in gynecologic surgery","volume":"193","author":"Gil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv142","article-title":"Anthropometric factors and endometrial cancer risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"26","author":"Aune","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182605bf1","article-title":"Endometrial cancer","volume":"120","author":"Sorosky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0177-x","article-title":"Clinical actionability of molecular targets in endometrial cancer","volume":"19","author":"Urick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2008.10.001","article-title":"Gynecologic cancers","volume":"36","author":"Blair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00430","article-title":"Identification of novel predictive biomarkers for endometrial malignancies: N-acylethanolamines","volume":"9","author":"Ayakannu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13587","article-title":"Immunohistochemical predictive markers of response to conservative treatment of endometrial hyperplasia and early endometrial cancer: A systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Travaglino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.02.005","article-title":"Endometrial hyperplasia and the risk of progression to carcinoma","volume":"63","author":"Lacey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5264","DOI":"10.1021\/pr2007736","article-title":"Standardization of a sample preparation and analytical workflow for proteomics of archival endometrial cancer tissue","volume":"10","author":"Alkhas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"174","article-title":"Endometrial cancer and application of proteomics","volume":"33","author":"Attarha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(03)00265-X","article-title":"Genomics and proteomics in cancer","volume":"39","author":"Baak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1021\/pr070087o","article-title":"Verification of endometrial tissue biomarkers previously discovered using mass spectrometry-based proteomics by means of immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format","volume":"6","author":"Dube","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"274","article-title":"Proteomics and biomarkers for detection of endometrial carcinoma","volume":"74","author":"Kacerovsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ceska Gynekol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e3181a9026d","article-title":"Proteomics-based approach identified differentially expressed proteins with potential roles in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6458","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0474","article-title":"Targeted proteomics identifies proteomic signatures in liquid biopsies of the endometrium to diagnose endometrial cancer and assist in the prediction of the optimal surgical treatment","volume":"23","author":"Lesur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201500055","article-title":"Proteomics of endometrial cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis","volume":"10","author":"Mittal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proteom. Clin. Appl."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e32834156e5","article-title":"The utility of proteomics in gynecologic cancers","volume":"23","author":"Cadron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e31819f1b4d","article-title":"Proteomics reveals protein profile changes in cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor-treated endometrial cancer cells","volume":"19","author":"Yi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12113","article-title":"Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma","volume":"497","author":"Kandoth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalman, M.R., Deeter, A., Nimishakavi, G., and Duan, Z.-H. (2012). Fold change and p-value cutoffs significantly alter microarray interpretations. BMC Bioinform., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-S2-S11"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01363","article-title":"Expression and function of the endocannabinoid modulating enzymes Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine-Specific Phospholipase D in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Ayakannu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.1021\/ac702527b","article-title":"Digestion of native proteins for proteomics using a thermocycler","volume":"80","author":"Turapov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"74","article-title":"Systematic analysis of peptide recoveries from in-gel digestions for protein identifications in proteome studies","volume":"11","author":"Speicher","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Tech."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1060","article-title":"DNA damage-induced ubiquitylation of proteasome controls its proteolytic activity","volume":"4","author":"Moiseeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.1021\/ac025747h","article-title":"Empirical statistical model to estimate the accuracy of peptide identifications made by MS\/MS and database search","volume":"74","author":"Keller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"D498","article-title":"The reactome pathway knowledgebase","volume":"48","author":"Jassal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950101)75:1<81::AID-CNCR2820750114>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"The utility of the revised International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics histologic grading of endometrial adenocarcinoma using a defined nuclear grading system. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study","volume":"75","author":"Zaino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.01.026","article-title":"Proteogenomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma","volume":"180","author":"Dou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deb, B., Sengupta, P., Sambath, J., and Kumar, P. (2020). Bioinformatics Analysis of Global Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Data Sets Revealed Activation of NEK2 and AURKA in Cancers. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020237"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2019.101652","article-title":"Proteomic analysis in endometrial cancer and endometrial hyperplasia tissues by 2D-DIGE technique","volume":"49","author":"Ceylan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Obstet. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523989","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.523989","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of Pre-Invasive Serous Lesions of the Endometrium and Fallopian Tube Reveals Their Metastatic Potential","volume":"10","author":"Acland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Njoku, K., Chiasserini, D., Whetton, A.D., and Crosbie, E.J. (2019). Proteomic biomarkers for the detection of endometrial cancer. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101572"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-01428-z","article-title":"Establishment of a novel cell cycle-related prognostic signature predicting prognosis in patients with endometrial cancer","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.12.029","article-title":"Endometrial cancer: A systematic review of HE4, REM and REM-B","volume":"515","author":"Degez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.17772\/gp\/62356","article-title":"The role of HE4 in differentiating benign and malignant endometrial pathology","volume":"87","author":"Gasiorowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800612","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of HE4 expression in normal and malignant human tissues","volume":"19","author":"Galgano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1994.1650","article-title":"Chromosomal location and some structural features of human clathrin light-chain genes (CLTA and CLTB)","volume":"24","author":"Ponnambalam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01905-4","article-title":"GRN, NOTCH3, FN1, and PINK1 expression in eutopic endometrium-potential biomarkers in the detection of endometriosis\u2014A pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Holzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14122","article-title":"The physiological role of the amyloid precursor protein as an adhesion molecule in the developing nervous system","volume":"143","author":"Sosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2007.00085.x","article-title":"Selective CB2 up-regulation in women affected by endometrial inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Iuvone","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/iox092","article-title":"Stromal fibroblasts from perimenopausal endometrium exhibit a different transcriptome than those from the premenopausal endometrium","volume":"97","author":"Erikson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh789","article-title":"The human Rad9 checkpoint protein stimulates the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase activity of the multifunctional protein CAD","volume":"32","author":"Wauson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1677\/JME-08-0029","article-title":"Comparative effects of estradiol, methyl-piperidino-pyrazole, raloxifene, and ICI 182 780 on gene expression in the murine uterus","volume":"41","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116650758","article-title":"Global Transcriptome Abnormalities of the Eutopic Endometrium From Women With Adenomyosis","volume":"23","author":"Herndon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.T.T., Yoon, H.K., Kim, Y.T., Choi, Y.H., Lee, W.K., and Jin, M. (2020). Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase 1 Signals Activate TREM-1 via TLR2 and TLR4. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10091283"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houshdaran, S., Oke, A.B., Fung, J.C., Vo, K.C., Nezhat, C., and Giudice, L.C. (2020). Steroid hormones regulate genome-wide epigenetic programming and gene transcription in human endometrial cells with marked aberrancies in endometriosis. PLoS Genet., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008601"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-92","article-title":"Endometrial gene expression reveals compromised progesterone signaling in women refractory to embryo implantation","volume":"12","author":"Figueroa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402312","article-title":"SCARB2\/LIMP-2 Regulates IFN Production of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Mediating Endosomal Translocation of TLR9 and Nuclear Translocation of IRF7","volume":"194","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, P., Rosa, L., Vargas, S., Weber, H., Espinoza, J.A., Su\u00e1rez, F., Romero-Calvo, I., Elgueta, N., Rivera, V., and Nervi, B. (2020). Hippo-YAP1 Is a Prognosis Marker and Potentially Targetable Pathway in Advanced Gallbladder Cancer. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12040778"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1181","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the human KEOPS complex identifies C14ORF142 as a core subunit homologous to yeast Gon7","volume":"45","author":"Wan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2019.11.003","article-title":"Pharmacological methods to transcriptionally modulate double-strand break DNA repair","volume":"354","author":"Kaplan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"2910","article-title":"Ccdc13 is a novel human centriolar satellite protein required for ciliogenesis and genome stability","volume":"127","author":"Staples","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20692","article-title":"Identifying the molecular signature of the interstitial deletion 7q subgroup of uterine leiomyomata using a paired analysis","volume":"48","author":"Hodge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes. Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33807-y","article-title":"Characterization of the miRNA regulators of the human ovulatory cascade","volume":"8","author":"Yerushalmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, H.R., Qiu, L.H., Zhang, Z.Q., Qin, Y.Y., Cao, C., and Di, W. (2013). Genome-wide methylated DNA immunoprecipitation analysis of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064801"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1914","article-title":"Progesterone-Dependent Induction of Phospholipase C-Related Catalytically Inactive Protein 1 (PRIP-1) in Decidualizing Human Endometrial Stromal Cells","volume":"157","author":"Muter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gan023","article-title":"Global analysis of genes regulated by HOXA10 in decidualization reveals a role in cell proliferation","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46965","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201846965","article-title":"PPM1G forms a PPP-type phosphatase holoenzyme with B56\u03b4 that maintains adherens junction integrity","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bresch, A.M., Yerich, N., Wang, R., and Sperry, A.O. (2020). The PP1 regulator PPP1R2 coordinately regulates AURKA and PP1 to control centrosome phosphorylation and maintain central spindle architecture. BMC Mol. Cell Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-020-00327-5"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.061069.117","article-title":"Insights into substrate promiscuity of human seryl-tRNA synthetase","volume":"23","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rna"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.09.018","article-title":"Proteomics of the lysosome","volume":"1793","author":"Lobel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.240808","article-title":"MicroRNA Dysregulation and Steroid Hormone Receptor Expression in Uterine Tissues of Rats with Endometriosis during the Implantation Window","volume":"131","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.341","article-title":"Harnessing noncoding RNA-based macrophage polarization: Emerging therapeutic opportunities for fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.11.020","article-title":"Proteomic approaches to cancer biomarkers","volume":"138","author":"Hung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.127019","article-title":"The bottleneck in the cancer biomarker pipeline and protein quantification through mass spectrometry-based approaches: Current strategies for candidate verification","volume":"56","author":"Makawita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2008.01055.x","article-title":"Large-scale quantitative clinical proteomics by label-free liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry","volume":"100","author":"Negishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300673","article-title":"Nonredundant mass spectrometry: A strategy to integrate mass spectrometry acquisition and analysis","volume":"4","author":"Scherl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03610.x","article-title":"The application of mass-spectrometry-based protein biomarker discovery to theragnostics","volume":"69","author":"Street","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2020.104099","article-title":"Comprehensive serum proteomic analysis in early endometrial cancer","volume":"234","author":"Uyar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-01555-x","article-title":"Plasma exosomes from endometrial cancer patients contain LGALS3BP to promote endometrial cancer progression","volume":"40","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.12362","article-title":"Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomics analysis of the effect of ginger oil on bisphenol A-induced breast cancer cell proliferation","volume":"21","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Njoku, K., Sutton, C.J., Whetton, A.D., and Crosbie, E.J. (2020). Metabolomic biomarkers for detection, prognosis and identifying recurrence in endometrial cancer. Metabolites, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10080314"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559016","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.559016","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers and their potential for the non-invasive detection of endometrial cancer","volume":"10","author":"Njoku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"5273969","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human endometrial tissues reveals the roles of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway and tumor angiogenesis molecules in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer","volume":"2020","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15443","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28811","article-title":"Identification of key transcription factors in endometrial cancer by systems bioinformatics analysis","volume":"120","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S483","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934375","article-title":"Differential urinary proteomic analysis of endometrial cancer","volume":"68","author":"Kacirova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muinelo-Romay, L., Casas-Arozamena, C., and Abal, M. (2018). Liquid biopsy in endometrial cancer: New opportunities for personalized oncology. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082311"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109536","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22725","article-title":"A proteomic approach for the identification of biomarkers in endometrial cancer uterine aspirate","volume":"8","author":"Ura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29213","article-title":"Annexin-A2 as predictor biomarker of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer","volume":"136","author":"Santacana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472.E1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.06.005","article-title":"Biomarker panel for early detection of endometrial cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial","volume":"221","author":"Tarney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23808","article-title":"Prognostic evaluation of epidermal fatty acid-binding protein and calcyphosine, two proteins implicated in endometrial cancer using a proteomic approach","volume":"123","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4696","DOI":"10.1021\/ac800260w","article-title":"Exploring the precursor ion exclusion feature of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for improving protein identification in shotgun proteome analysis","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7816","DOI":"10.1021\/ac050956y","article-title":"Enhanced characterization of complex proteomic samples using LC-MALDI MS\/MS: Exclusion of redundant peptides from MS\/MS analysis in replicate runs","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M600378-MCP200","article-title":"Endometrial carcinoma biomarker discovery and verification using differentially tagged clinical samples with multidimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"6","author":"DeSouza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteom."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/5.8.748","article-title":"Two-dimensional gel analysis of human endometrial proteins: Characterization of proteins with increased expression in hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Byrjalsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.02.031","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of stage I endometrial cancer tissue: Identification of proteins associated with oxidative processes and inflammation","volume":"121","author":"Maxwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3256","article-title":"BET domain co-regulators in obesity, inflammation and cancer","volume":"12","author":"Belkina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0275-y","article-title":"IRX5 regulates adipocyte amyloid precursor protein and mitochondrial respiration in obesity","volume":"43","author":"Bjune","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E135","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20592","article-title":"Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint behaviors in men and women","volume":"22","author":"Cornelis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.02.013","article-title":"Adipocyte Xbp1s overexpression drives uridine production and reduces obesity","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000327797","article-title":"Association between CST3 rs2424577 polymorphism and corpulence related phenotypes during lifetime in populations of European ancestry","volume":"4","author":"Hooton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes. Facts."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.6.8.4135","article-title":"Inflammation in obesity is the common link between defects in fatty acid metabolism and insulin resistance","volume":"6","author":"Steinberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170747","article-title":"Serum C-Peptide, Visfatin, Resistin, and Ghrelin are Altered in Sporadic and GRN-Associated Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration","volume":"61","author":"Zanardini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E655","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2829","article-title":"SLC25A24 as a novel susceptibility gene for low fat mass in humans and mice","volume":"100","author":"Urano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yasin, H.K., Taylor, A.H., and Ayakannu, T. (2021). A Narrative Review of the Role of Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Development and Prevention of Endometrial Cancer. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092149"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boro\u0144, D., Zmarz\u0142y, N., Wierzbik-Stro\u0144ska, M., Rosi\u0144czuk, J., Mieszcza\u0144ski, P., and Grabarek, B.O. (2022). Recent Multiomics Approaches in Endometrial Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031237"},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"1403","article-title":"High-level expression of the ribosomal protein L19 in human breast tumors that overexpress erbB-2","volume":"53","author":"Henry","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"4048","article-title":"Gastric and hepatocellular carcinomas do not overexpress the same ribosomal protein messenger RNAs as colonic carcinoma","volume":"53","author":"Barnard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Zhao, L.N., Li, K.Z., Ling, R., Li, X.J., and Wang, L. (2006). Overexpression of ribosomal protein L15 is associated with cell proliferation in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer, 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-91"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540305100502","article-title":"Differential expression of ribosomal proteins in human normal and neoplastic colorectum","volume":"51","author":"Kasai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20211577","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20211577","article-title":"Deregulation of ribosomal proteins in human cancers","volume":"41","author":"Nasr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980925)78:1<27::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Several genes encoding ribosomal proteins are over-expressed in prostate-cancer cell lines: Confirmation of L7a and L37 over-expression in prostate-cancer tissue samples","volume":"78","author":"Vaarala","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800448","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201800448","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of Stromal and Epithelial Cell Communications in Human Endometrial Cancer Using a Unique 3D Co-Culture Model","volume":"19","author":"Ghosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/10799893.2018.1531890","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor expression in estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent endometrial cancer","volume":"38","author":"Ayakannu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0883","article-title":"The levels of the endocannabinoid receptor CB2 and its ligand 2-arachidonoylglycerol are elevated in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"151","author":"Guida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-021-02018-4","article-title":"Expression of the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 is increased in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"156","author":"Ayakannu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"143","article-title":"Signalling pathways in endometrial cancer","volume":"18","author":"Markowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contemp. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34356","article-title":"Impact of obesity and white adipose tissue inflammation on the omental microenvironment in endometrial cancer","volume":"128","author":"Moukarzel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13249","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13249","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing reveals the heterogeneity and intratumoral crosstalk in human endometrial cancer","volume":"55","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1514010","article-title":"Endometrial Cancer","volume":"383","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, C.H., and Chen, C. (2011). Bioinformatics for Comparative Proteomics, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-977-2"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2236-x","article-title":"Proteomic and metabolomic changes driven by elevating myocardial creatine suggest novel metabolic feedback mechanisms","volume":"48","author":"Zervou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Amino Acids"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/18\/4665\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:55:01Z","timestamp":1760129701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/18\/4665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers15184665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15184665","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]}}}