{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:13:10Z","timestamp":1783977190067,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["JR19\/00050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR19\/00050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are frequent findings in clinical practice. About 40% of AIs are associated with hypercortisolism of variable severity. Although mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) has been associated with the impaired clinical outcome of several diseases, its effect on the development of benign neoplasms is unknown. Aim: To compare the prevalence of adenomas (thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary and other locations) in patients with nonfunctioning AIs (NFAIs) and MACS. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective study of patients with AIs evaluated in four tertiary hospitals was performed. Results: A total of 923 patients were included. Most patients were male (53.6%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 62.4 \u00b1 11.13 years; 21.7% presented with bilateral AIs. MACS was observed in 29.9% (n = 276) of patients, while 69.9% (n = 647) were NFAIs. Adenomas in locations other than the adrenal gland were observed in 36% of the studied population, with a similar distribution in patients with MACS and NFAIs (33% vs. 32%; p &gt; 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid or other endocrine-related adenomas between both groups, but the prevalence of metabolic comorbidities and mortality was increased in patients with MACS, specifically in patients with thyroid and other endocrine-related adenomas (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Adenomas in locations other than the adrenal glands occur in one third of patients with AIs. Mild autonomous hypercortisolism does not affect the prevalence of other endocrine-related adenomas but is associated with increased metabolic comorbidities and mortality, especially in patients with thyroid adenomas and adenomas in other locations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15194735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T08:58:17Z","timestamp":1695718697000},"page":"4735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Adrenal Incidentalomas and Other Endocrine-Related Adenomas: How Much Does Cortisol Secretion Matter?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1437-9878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aura D.","family":"Herrera-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Reina Sofia, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1598-2767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Rebollo Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Reina Sofia, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-2335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eider","family":"Pascual Corrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Ram\u00f3n y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Idrobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Ram\u00f3n y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0310-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Parra Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital La Paz, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3351-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Mart\u00edn Rojas-Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital La Paz, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Robles L\u00e1zaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia Lavinia","family":"Marginean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Reina Sofia, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0519-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Araujo-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Ram\u00f3n y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01831.x","article-title":"Endocrine incidentalomas","volume":"62","author":"Shirodkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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