{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:24:55Z","timestamp":1789676695737,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer represent the leading cause of cancer mortality, so several efforts have been focused on the development of a screening program. To address the issue of high overdiagnosis and false positive rates associated to LDCT-based screening, there is a need for new diagnostic biomarkers, with liquid biopsy ncRNAs detection emerging as a promising approach. In this scenario, this work provides an updated summary of the literature evidence about the role of non-coding RNAs in lung cancer screening. A literature search on PubMed was performed including studies which investigated liquid biopsy non-coding RNAs biomarker lung cancer patients and a control cohort. Micro RNAs were the most widely studied biomarkers in this setting but some preliminary evidence was found also for other non-coding RNAs, suggesting that a multi-biomarker based liquid biopsy approach could enhance their efficacy in the screening context. However, further studies are needed in order to optimize detection techniques as well as diagnostic accuracy before introducing novel biomarkers in the early diagnosis setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15194774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T07:50:26Z","timestamp":1695887426000},"page":"4774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Exploring the Potential of Non-Coding RNAs as Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Screening: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2394-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Garbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3053-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Del Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6424-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Cani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerio Maria","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Bertaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Capelletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Rolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health System, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Novello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Passiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.02574","article-title":"Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening by Chest Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"39","author":"Passiglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911793","article-title":"Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Volume CT Screening in a Randomized Trial","volume":"382","author":"Scholten","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The National Lung Screening Trial Research Team (2011). Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening. N. Engl. J. Med., 365, 395\u2013409.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102873"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0466","article-title":"Precision Prevention and Cancer Interception: The New Challenges of Liquid Biopsy","volume":"10","author":"Serrano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilie, M., Hofman, V., Long-Mira, E., Selva, E., Vignaud, J.M., Padovani, B., Mouroux, J., Marquette, C., and Hofman, P. (2014). \u201cSentinel\u201d Circulating Tumor Cells Allow Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111597"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634316","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.634316","article-title":"The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Freitas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2140-0","article-title":"Integrating genomic features for non-invasive early lung cancer detection","volume":"580","author":"Chabon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nadauld, L.D., McDonnell, C.H., Beer, T.M., Liu, M.C., Klein, E.A., Hudnut, A., Whittington, R., Taylor, B., Oxnard, G., and Lipson, J. (2021). The PATHFINDER Study: Assessment of the Implementation of an Investigational Multi-Cancer Early Detection Test into Clinical Practice. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143501"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00496","article-title":"Coding or Noncoding, the Converging Concepts of RNAs","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.99","article-title":"Non-coding RNA networks in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Anastasiadou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00219-z","article-title":"Noncoding RNA Therapeutics\u2014Challenges and potential solutions","volume":"20","author":"Winkle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359221131229","article-title":"Emerging noncoding RNAs contained in extracellular vesicles: Rising stars as biomarkers in lung cancer liquid biopsy","volume":"14","author":"Cammarata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.017","article-title":"Review The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Oncology","volume":"179","author":"Slack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6827","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186827","article-title":"Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids: Main Characteristics and Clinical Application","volume":"21","author":"Szil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.0001","article-title":"Evaluating the Use of Circulating MicroRNA Profiles for Lung Cancer Detection in Symptomatic Patients","volume":"6","author":"Fehlmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.01.008","article-title":"Baseline computed tomography screening and blood microRNA predict lung cancer risk and de fi ne adequate intervals in the BioMILD trial","volume":"33","author":"Pastorino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0035-x","article-title":"Clinical utility of circulating non-coding RNAs\u2014An update","volume":"15","author":"Anfossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, G.C.W., Lazare, K., and Sullivan, F. (2018). Serum and blood based biomarkers for lung cancer screening: A systematic review. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4024-3"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.4357","article-title":"Clinical Utility of a Plasma-Based miRNA Signature Classifier Within Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening: A Correlative MILD Trial Study","volume":"32","author":"Sozzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, J., Liu, Z., Todd, N.W., Zhang, H., Liao, J., Yu, L., Guarnera, M., Li, R., Cai, L., and Zhan, M. (2011). Diagnosis of lung cancer in individuals with solitary pulmonary nodules by plasma microRNA biomarkers. BMC Cancer, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-374"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000025","article-title":"Analysis of MicroRNAs in Sputum to Improve Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, D., Zhu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, W., Wang, H., Chen, H., Wu, C., Ni, J., Xu, X., and Nian, B. (2022). Identification and evaluation of circulating small extracellular vesicle microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules. J. Nanobiotechnol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01366-0"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10598-x","article-title":"Combining plasma extracellular vesicle Let-7b-5p, miR-184 and circulating miR-22-3p levels for NSCLC diagnosis and drug resistance prediction","volume":"12","author":"Vadla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37250","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9363","article-title":"A unique set of 6 circulating microRNAs for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"7","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.33986","article-title":"Serum microRNA Signature Is Capable of Early Diagnosis for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24769-2","article-title":"Profiling of 179 miRNA Expression in Blood Plasma of Lung Cancer Patients and Cancer-Free Individuals","volume":"8","author":"Zaporozhchenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12464","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12464","article-title":"A Novel Serum 4-microRNA Signature for Lung Cancer Detection","volume":"5","author":"Nadal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.06.027","article-title":"Two plasma microRNA panels for diagnosis and subtype discrimination of lung cancer","volume":"123","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.05.009","article-title":"Plasma circulating microRNA-944 and microRNA-3662 as potential histologic type-specific early lung cancer biomarkers","volume":"166","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22194-0","article-title":"Evaluation of circulating small extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for differentiating between different pathological types of early lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.05.004","article-title":"The MiR-17-92 Gene Cluster is a Blood-Based Marker for Cancer Detection in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"360","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-014-0149-3","article-title":"Five microRNAs in plasma as novel biomarkers for screening of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"Geng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"2607","article-title":"Clinical Significance of Circulatory miRNA-21 as an Efficient Non-Invasive Biomarker for the Screening of Lung Cancer Patients","volume":"19","author":"Javid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14659","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c02895","article-title":"One-Step and Real-Time Detection of microRNA-21 in Human Samples for Lung Cancer Biosensing Diagnosis","volume":"94","author":"Raduly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3823121","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3823121","article-title":"Comparison of Serum MicroRNA21 and Tumor Markers in Diagnosis of Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"2016","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexandre, D., Teixeira, B., Rico, A., Valente, S., Craveiro, A., Baptista, P.V., and Cruz, C. (2022). Molecular Beacon for Detection miRNA-21 as a Biomarker of Lung Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063330"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Li, X., Liu, C., Zhang, X., Wu, Y., Diao, M., Tan, S., Huang, S., Cheng, Y., and You, T. (2022). MicroRNA-21 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci. Rep., 42.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20211653"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"8367","article-title":"Analysis on expression level and diagnostic value of miR-19 and miR-21 in peripheral blood of patients with undifferentiated lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"Qiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14242","article-title":"MicroRNA-21 was a promising biomarker for lung carcinoma diagnosis: An update Meta-Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Guo, Y., Du, Y., Yang, J., Li, S., Liu, S., Li, K., and Zhang, D. (2014). Serum MicroRNA-21 as a Diagnostic Marker for Lung Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097460"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8103","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR07670A","article-title":"Early detection of lung cancer via biointerference-free, target microRNA-triggered core\u2013satellite nanocomposites","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20314","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020314","article-title":"Association between microRNA 21 expression in serum and lung cancer: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Qiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23425","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023425","article-title":"Diagnostic value of microRNA-25 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, W., He, J., Chen, D., Zhang, B., Xu, L., Ma, H., Liu, H., and Zhang, Y. (2014). Expression of miR-29c, miR-93, and miR-429 as Potential Biomarkers for Detection of Early Stage Non-Small Lung Cancer. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087780"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3711","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2019-0393","article-title":"Plasma miR-30a-5p as an early novel noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28660","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15638","article-title":"Circulating miR-31 as an effective biomarker for detection and prognosis of human cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, W., Zhou, K., Zha, Y., Chen, D., He, J., Ma, H., Liu, X., Le, H., and Zhang, Y. (2016). Diagnostic Value of Serum miR-182, miR-183, miR-210, and miR-126 Levels in Patients with Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153046"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, L., Zhou, H., Yang, Y., Chen, J., Wang, Y., She, M., and Li, C. (2020). Meta-analysis of diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-126 in non-small cell lung cancer. Biosci. Rep., 40.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20200349"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12756","article-title":"Diagnostic value of microRNAs derived from exosomes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma: A pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17814","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017814","article-title":"Serum microRNA-135a as a diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"98","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4510","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122931","article-title":"Altered miR-143 and miR-150 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"126","author":"Zengx","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28061","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028061","article-title":"Diagnostic value of microRNA-148\/152 family in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, C., Yang, F., Qin, Z., Jing, X., Shu, Y., and Shen, H. (2019). The value of miR-155 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Cancer, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6297-6"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563220901564","article-title":"Clinical value of CTLA4-associated microRNAs combined with inflammatory factors in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533033820973276","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033820973276","article-title":"Serum miR-185 Is a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"9713218","article-title":"The Value of Serum Exosomal miR-184 in the Diagnosis of NSCLC","volume":"2022","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Health Eng."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"6123","article-title":"Value of low-dose spiral CT combined with circulating miR-200b and miR-200c examinations for lung cancer screening in physical examination population","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.144225","article-title":"Identification of miR-210 and combination biomarkers as useful agents in early screening non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"729","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-0626","article-title":"Serum miR-223: A Validated Biomarker for Detection of Early-Stage Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"28","author":"Cattoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10332","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140510332","article-title":"Peripheral Blood miR-328 Expression as a Potential Biomarker for the Early Diagnosis of N.S.C.L.C","volume":"14","author":"Ulivi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0063","article-title":"Serum miR-339-3p as a potential diagnostic marker for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"17","author":"Trakunram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"4092","article-title":"Investigation of serum miR-411 as a diagnosis and prognosis biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Tang, L., Liu, X., Dai, Y., Xiao, L., Huang, S., Chen, L., and Guo, Z. (2015). MicroRNA-486 as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis and Recurrence of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134220"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2014.3029","article-title":"Serum miR-499 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102908","article-title":"MiR-519d targets HER3 and can be used as a potential serum biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"3061","article-title":"Evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum miR-770 in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533033820964222","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033820964222","article-title":"Identification of Circulating miR-762 as a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4747","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1952367","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-2355-3p and contribution to the progression in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_749_21","article-title":"Detection of differential expression of miRNAs in computerized tomography-guided lung biopsy","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wozniak, M.B., Scelo, G., Muller, D.C., Mukeria, A., Zaridze, D., and Brennan, P. (2015). Circulating MicroRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125026"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13337","article-title":"MicroRNA-based biomarkers for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3971-4","article-title":"Application of plasma circulating microRNA-448, 506, 4316, and 4478 analysis for non-invasive diagnosis of lung cancer","volume":"37","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0195-1","article-title":"Increased micro-RNA 17, 21, and 192 gene expressions improve early diagnosis in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"31","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.H., Jin, M., Li, J., and Kong, X. (2020). Identifying circulating miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of lung cancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Basis Dis., 1866.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165847"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23505","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23505","article-title":"A novel circulating miRNA-based signature for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of non\u2013small-cell lung cancer","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2014.12.006","article-title":"Early Detection of Lung Cancer in Serum by a Panel of MicroRNA Biomarkers","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7777","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4608-3","article-title":"Identification of serum miRNAs by nano-quantum dots microarray as diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"37","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2019-0213","article-title":"External validation of a panel of plasma microRNA biomarkers for lung cancer","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Circulating microRNA array (miR-182, 200b and 205) for the early diagnosis and poor prognosis predictor of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"23","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergen.2017.07.006","article-title":"Potential circulating miRNA signature for early detection of N.S.C.L.C","volume":"216","author":"Arab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Genet."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-1873","article-title":"Sputum microRNA Biomarkers for Identifying Lung Cancer in Indeterminate Solitary Pulmonary Nodules","volume":"21","author":"Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31389","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31389","article-title":"Blood-borne miRNA profile-based diagnostic classifier for lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Tai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15222","article-title":"Plasma extracellular vesicle microRNA profiling and the identification of a diagnostic signature for stage I lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"113","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, W., Zhang, M., Li, R., Liu, X., Yin, Y., and Qu, Y. (2020). Serum miR-1228-3p and miR-181a-5p as Noninvasive Biomarkers for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Biomed. Res. Int., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9601876"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6513","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14311","article-title":"A six-microRNA panel in plasma was identified as a potential biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5311","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0577","article-title":"Evaluation of Tumor-Derived Exosomal miRNA as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Early-Stage Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Next-Generation Sequencing","volume":"23","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26070","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8429","article-title":"Identification of a three-miRNA signature as a blood-borne diagnostic marker for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"3185","article-title":"Circulating Long Non-coding RNAs in Plasma of Patients with Gastric Cancer","volume":"33","author":"Arita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anticancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.367","article-title":"The function of LncRNAs and their role in the prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of lung cancer The function of LncRNAs and their role in the prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0742-9","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA dysregulation is a frequent event in non-small cell lung carcinoma pathogenesis","volume":"122","author":"Uko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-190161","article-title":"Sputum long non-coding RNA biomarkers for diagnosis of lung cancer","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537120","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.537120","article-title":"Circulating Long Noncoding RNAs Act as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03502-5","article-title":"TEP linc-GTF2H2-1, RP3-466P17.2, and lnc-ST8SIA4-12 as novel biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and progression prediction","volume":"147","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1764","article-title":"Circulating long non-coding RNA GAS5 and SOX2OT as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"66","author":"Kamel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"654","article-title":"Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG4 Is a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicator in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2018.07.026","article-title":"Circulating lncRNA XLOC_009167 serves as a diagnostic biomarker to predict lung cancer","volume":"486","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.10.027","article-title":"Circulating long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"475","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-201616","article-title":"Long intergenic noncoding RNA LINC00173 as a potential serum biomarker for diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2017.3925","article-title":"Identification of circulating long non-coding RNA GAS5 as a potential biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer diagnosisnon-small cell lung cancer, long non-coding RNA, plasma, GAS5, biomarker","volume":"50","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13265","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 as a candidate serological biomarker for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2022.2085799","article-title":"Diagnostic value of lncRNA HOTAIR as a biomarker for detecting and staging of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"27","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1177\/1533034617723754","article-title":"Identification of Circulating Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR as a Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-022-02129-5","article-title":"Exosomal LncRNA RP5-977B1 as a novel minimally invasive biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"27","author":"Min","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgab034","article-title":"Discovery of a novel linc01125 isoform in serum exosomes as a promising biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and survival assessment","volume":"42","author":"Xian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7439698","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7439698","article-title":"Identification of Circulating Long Noncoding RNA Linc00152 as a Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"2017","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7919","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2034568","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA FAM230B is a novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"11824","article-title":"Upregulated lncRNA-UCA1 contributes to progression of lung cancer and is closely related to clinical diagnosis as a predictive biomarker in plasma","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S320965","article-title":"High Expression of lncRNA HEIH is Helpful in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Predicts Poor Prognosis","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-019-03045-4","article-title":"Circular RNAs: Pivotal molecular regulators and novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"145","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1159\/000485953","article-title":"CircRNA Expression Profile in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients","volume":"44","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2020.12.013","article-title":"CircRNAs as promising biomarker in diagnostic and prognostic of lung cancer: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"113 Pt. 1","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29475","article-title":"Circular RNAs expression profiles in plasma exosomes from early - stage lung adenocarcinoma and the potential biomarkers","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1514","article-title":"A novel plasma circular RNA circFARSA is a potential biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"7","author":"Hang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04254-0","article-title":"Circulating circular RNA hsa_circ_0023179 acts as a diagnostic biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer detection","volume":"149","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13722","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17816-6","article-title":"The diagnostic value of has_circ_0006423 in non-small cell lung cancer and its role as a tumor suppressor gene that sponges miR-492","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/17246008211073151","article-title":"CircFOXP1: A novel serum diagnostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"37","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Markers"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-015-2095-y","article-title":"Circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in lung cancer patients","volume":"142","author":"Schuler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazi\u00e8res, J., Catherinne, C., Delfour, O., Gouin, S., Rouquette, I., Delisle, M.B., Delisle, M., Pr\u00e9vot, G., Escamilla, R., and Didier, A. (2013). Alternative Processing of the U2 Small Nuclear RNA Produces a 19\u201322nt Fragment with Relevance for the Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Human Serum. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060134"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01627","article-title":"Small Nuclear RNAs (U1, U2, U5) in Tumor-Educated Platelets Are Downregulated and Act as Promising Biomarkers in Lung Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14094","article-title":"PIWI-interacting RNAs are aberrantly expressed and may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.002","article-title":"A circulating non-coding RNA panel as an early detection predictor of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"151","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dou, Y., Zhu, Y., Ai, J., Chen, H., Liu, H., Borgia, J.A., Li, X., Yang, F., Jiang, B., and Wang, J. (2018). Plasma small ncRNA pair panels as novel biomarkers for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma screening. BMC Genom., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4862-z"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0622","article-title":"S-Adenosylmethionine as a Biomarker for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer","volume":"132","author":"Greenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"2000670","article-title":"Earlier diagnosis of lung cancer in a randomised trial of an autoantibody blood test followed by imaging","volume":"57","author":"Sullivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002682","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02682-2020","article-title":"Validation of Lung EpiCheck, a novel methylation-based blood assay, for the detection of lung cancer in European and Chinese high-risk individuals","volume":"57","author":"Gaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1272-6","article-title":"Genome-wide cell-free DNA fragmentation in patients with cancer","volume":"570","author":"Cristiano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01622-x","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in cancer: Platforms and strategies for investigating the genomic \u201cdark matter\u201d","volume":"39","author":"Grillone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"358","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling: Approaches and considerations","volume":"13","author":"Pritchard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Publ. Group."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616288","article-title":"Tracking the Evolution of Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"376","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02230-w","article-title":"Evolutionary characterization of lung adenocarcinoma morphology in TRACERx","volume":"29","author":"Karasaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05783-5","article-title":"The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx","volume":"616","author":"Frankell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/19\/4774\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:00:52Z","timestamp":1760130052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/19\/4774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers15194774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15194774","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]}}}