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Most studies examining this connection have been based on adults, and larger studies in children are lacking. We performed a retrospective study of all sequential pediatric patients who underwent a thyroidectomy for a neoplasm at our institution over a twenty-year period in order to explore the link between HT and pediatric thyroid cancer. A total of 153 patients, median age 16.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 14.2\u201318.3) years, underwent thyroid surgery for a neoplasm. Patients were mainly female (80%) and White (84%). Median follow-up was 58.6 (IQR 20.7\u2013105.4) months. Thirty-five (23%) patients had HT. Patients who underwent thyroid surgery and had HT were more likely to harbor a malignant neoplasm (p = 0.05); specifically, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, p = 0.02). There was a difference in the distribution of HT among the subtypes of PTC (p = 0.03). Despite this, there was no difference in terms of survival between patients with\/without HT. In conclusion, children with a thyroid malignancy, specifically, PTC, are more likely to have HT. The association between HT and pediatric PTC appears to be subtype-specific but does not seem to affect patient survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15194902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T10:48:33Z","timestamp":1696848513000},"page":"4902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hashimoto\u2019s Thyroiditis and the Risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4696-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Nicolas","family":"Gallant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian L.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheau-Chiann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiancong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Monroe Carell Jr. Children\u2019s Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9490-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan H.","family":"Belcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Monroe Carell Jr. Children\u2019s Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernan","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Monroe Carell Jr. Children\u2019s Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Monroe Carell Jr. Children\u2019s Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.01.059","article-title":"Increase in the Incidence of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Population-Based Study","volume":"164","author":"Vergamini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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