{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T17:19:04Z","timestamp":1775668744206,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Action in Health of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["PI21\/00877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00877"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Action in Health of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["PI22CIII\/00059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22CIII\/00059"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Action in Health of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["R01AI143567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI143567"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Action in Health of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["CB21\/13\/00015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00015"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["PI21\/00877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00877"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["PI22CIII\/00059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22CIII\/00059"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["R01AI143567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI143567"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["CB21\/13\/00015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00015"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["PI21\/00877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00877"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["PI22CIII\/00059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22CIII\/00059"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AI143567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI143567"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["CB21\/13\/00015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00015"]}]},{"name":"CIBERINFEC","award":["PI21\/00877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00877"]}]},{"name":"CIBERINFEC","award":["PI22CIII\/00059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22CIII\/00059"]}]},{"name":"CIBERINFEC","award":["R01AI143567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI143567"]}]},{"name":"CIBERINFEC","award":["CB21\/13\/00015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) constitute a unique group within individuals with oncohematological disease (OHD). They receive treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that present immunomodulatory properties, and they may eventually be candidates for treatment discontinuation under certain conditions despite the chronic nature of the disease. In addition, these individuals present a lower risk of infection than other immunocompromised patients. For this study, we recruited a cohort of 29 individuals with CML in deep molecular response who were on treatment with TKIs (n = 23) or were on treatment-free remission (TFR) (n = 6), and compared both humoral and cellular immune responses with 20 healthy donors after receiving the complete vaccination schedule against SARS-CoV-2. All participants were followed up for 17 months to record the development of COVID-19 due to breakthrough infections. All CML individuals developed an increased humoral response, with similar seroconversion rates and neutralizing titers to healthy donors, despite the presence of high levels of immature B cells. On the whole, the cellular immune response was also comparable to that of healthy donors, although the antibody dependent cytotoxic activity (ADCC) was significantly reduced. Similar rates of mild breakthrough infections were observed between groups, although the proportion was higher in the CML individuals on TFR, most likely due to the immunomodulatory effect of these drugs. In conclusion, as with the healthy donors, the vaccination did not impede breakthrough infections completely in individuals with CML, although it prevented the development of severe or critical illness in this special population of individuals with OHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15205066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:39:37Z","timestamp":1697762377000},"page":"5066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Regular Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Individuals with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Who Received a Full Vaccination Schedule against COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2467-116X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6553-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Solera Sainero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9856-6349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5835-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guiomar","family":"Casado-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7551-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4553-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayte","family":"P\u00e9rez-Olmeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Serology Service, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Aranzazu","family":"Murciano-Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine, Centro de Salud Doctor Pedro La\u00edn Entralgo, 28924 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"L\u00f3pez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-5770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayte","family":"Coiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4752-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valent\u00edn","family":"Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, February 05). 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