{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T19:20:52Z","timestamp":1789932052905,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Statins, which are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, are an effective pharmacological tool for lowering blood cholesterol levels. This property makes statins one of the most popular drugs used primarily to prevent cardiovascular diseases, where hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor that increases mortality. Nevertheless, studies conducted mainly in the last decade have shown that statins might prevent and treat liver cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This narrative review summarizes the scientific achievements to date regarding the role of statins in liver tumors. Molecular biology tools have revealed that cell growth and proliferation can be inhibited by statins, which further inhibit angiogenesis. Clinical studies, supported by meta-analysis, confirm that statins are highly effective in preventing and treating hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. However, this effect may depend on the statin\u2019s type and dose, and more clinical trials are required to evaluate clinical effects. Moreover, their potential hepatotoxicity is a significant caveat for using statins in clinical practice. Nevertheless, this group of drugs, initially developed to prevent cardiovascular diseases, is now a key candidate in hepato-oncology patient management. The description of new drug-statin-like structures, e.g., with low toxicity to liver cells, may bring another clinically significant improvement to current cancer therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15205100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T07:02:53Z","timestamp":1697958173000},"page":"5100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Don\u2019t Judge a Book by Its Cover: The Role of Statins in Liver Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3011-7536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Pieku\u015b-S\u0142omka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4957-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lavinia Patricia","family":"Mocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezarta","family":"Shkreli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aldent University, 1001-1028 Tirana, Albania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Grap\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Denkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliwia","family":"Wesolowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-1765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslaw","family":"Kornek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeno","family":"Sp\u00e2rchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4137-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"S\u0142omka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5872-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rare\u0219","family":"Cr\u0103ciun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, \u201cOctavian Fodor\u201d Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tudor","family":"Mocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, \u201cOctavian Fodor\u201d Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"UBBMed Department, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marin, J.J.G., Reviejo, M., Soto, M., Lozano, E., Asensio, M., Ortiz-Rivero, S., Berasain, C., Avila, M.A., and Herraez, E. 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