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Recent studies have discovered a sub-population of MSCs, known as inflammatory MSCs (iMSCs), exclusive to the MM BM microenvironment and implicated in drug resistance. Through a sophisticated analysis of public expression data from unexpanded BM MSCs, we uncovered a positive association between iMSC signature expression and minimal residual disease. While in vitro expansion generally results in the loss of the iMSC signature, our meta-analysis of additional public expression data demonstrated that cytokine stimulation, including IL1-\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1, as well as immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and MM cells, can reactivate the signature expression of iMSCs to varying extents. These findings underscore the importance and potential utility of cytokine stimulation in mimicking the gene expression signature of early passage of iMSCs for functional characterizations of their tumor-supportive roles in MM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15215148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T07:22:15Z","timestamp":1698304935000},"page":"5148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Inflammatory Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Myeloma: Transcriptional Signature and In Vitro Modeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"},{"name":"Lane Department of Computer Science & Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Lecea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7040-4084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori A.","family":"Hazlehurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morganton, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Adjeroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lane Department of Computer Science & Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5453-6888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gangqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"},{"name":"WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiso, P., Mogollon, P., Ocio, E.M., and Garayoa, M. 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