{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:45:55Z","timestamp":1791585955550,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37 CA054281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 CA054281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA164973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA164973"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-PC-35137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-PC-35137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-PC-35139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-PC-35139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"laboratory of Dr. John Alderete of Washington State University","award":["R37 CA054281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 CA054281"]}]},{"name":"laboratory of Dr. John Alderete of Washington State University","award":["U01 CA164973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA164973"]}]},{"name":"laboratory of Dr. John Alderete of Washington State University","award":["N01-PC-35137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-PC-35137"]}]},{"name":"laboratory of Dr. John Alderete of Washington State University","award":["N01-PC-35139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-PC-35139"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The potential involvement of a sexually transmitted agent has been suggested to contribute to the high number of prostate cancers in the United States and worldwide. We investigated the relationship of Trichomonas vaginalis seropositivity with prostate cancer risk in a nested case\u2013control study within the Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and California using blood samples collected prior to cancer diagnoses. Incident cases of advanced prostate cancer (intermediate- to high-grade based on Gleason score \u2265 7 and\/or disease spread outside the prostate) were matched to controls by age, ethnicity, and the date of blood collection. T. vaginalis serostatus was measured using an ELISA detecting IgG antibodies against a recombinant T. vaginalis \u03b1-actinin protein. Seropositivity to T. vaginalis was observed in 35 of 470 (7.4%) cases and 26 of 470 (5.5%) controls (unadjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.82\u20132.64; adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.67\u20132.53). The association was similarly not significant when cases were confined to extraprostatic tumors having regional or distant spread (n = 121) regardless of grade (unadjusted OR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.63\u20133.01; adjusted OR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.46\u20133.11). The association of T. vaginalis with prostate cancer risk did not vary by aspirin use. Our findings do not support a role for T. vaginalis in the etiology of advanced prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15215194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T05:01:08Z","timestamp":1698555668000},"page":"5194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["No Association of Trichomonas vaginalis Seropositivity with Advanced Prostate Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0168-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Nagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Tome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kami","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8408-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne R.","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7734-5320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song-Yi","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5013-980X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Le Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Haiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda Y.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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