{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T01:34:12Z","timestamp":1774402452183,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantitative PCR for specific mutation is being increasingly used in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) to assess Measurable Residual Disease (MRD), allowing for more tailored clinical decisions. To date, standardized molecular MRD is limited to typical NPM1 mutations and core binding factor translocations, with clear prognostic and clinical implications. The monitoring of other identified mutations lacks standardization, limiting its use and incorporation in clinical trials. To overcome this problem, we designed a plasmid bearing both the sequence of the mutation of interest and the ABL reference gene. This allows the use of commercial standards for ABL to determine the MRD response in copy number. We provide technical aspects of this approach as well as our experience with 19 patients with atypical NPM1, RUNX1 and IDH1\/2 mutations. In all cases, we demonstrate a correlation between response and copy number. We further demonstrate how copy number monitoring can modulate the clinical management. Taken together, we provide proof of concept of a novel yet simple tool, which allows in-house MRD monitoring for identified mutations, with ABL-based commercial standards. This approach would facilitate large multi-center studies assessing the clinical relevance of selected MRD monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15225360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T05:04:56Z","timestamp":1699592696000},"page":"5360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Standardization of Molecular MRD Levels in AML Using an Integral Vector Bearing ABL and the Mutation of Interest"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7341-2167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boaz","family":"Nachmias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91200, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5543-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Krichevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91200, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9426-4482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moshe E.","family":"Gatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91200, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noa","family":"Gross Even-Zohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91200, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-781X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adir","family":"Shaulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91200, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnon","family":"Haran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91200, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shlomzion","family":"Aumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91200, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Vainstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91200, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016867","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of AML in Adults: 2022 Recommendations from an International Expert Panel on Behalf of the ELN","volume":"140","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e676","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000676","article-title":"Technical Aspects of Flow Cytometry-Based Measurable Residual Disease Quantification in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Experience of the European LeukemiaNet MRD Working Party","volume":"6","author":"Tettero","year":"2022","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021013626","article-title":"2021 Update on MRD in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Consensus Document from the European LeukemiaNet MRD Working Party","volume":"138","author":"Heuser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507471","article-title":"Assessment of Minimal Residual Disease in Standard-Risk AML","volume":"374","author":"Ivey","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl. 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