{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:54:26Z","timestamp":1770422066037,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Irradiation with electrons is the primary treatment regime for localized conjunctival low-grade lymphomas. However, radiation-induced cataracts are a major cause of treatment-related morbidity. This study investigates whether lens-sparing electron irradiation produces sufficient disease control rates while preventing cataract formation. All consecutive patients with strictly conjunctival, low-grade Ann Arbor stage IE lymphoma treated with superficial electron irradiation between 1999 and 2021 at our department were reviewed. A total of 56 patients with 65 treated eyes were enrolled with a median follow-up of 65 months. The median dose was 30.96 Gy. A lens-spearing technique featuring a hanging rod blocking the central beam axis was used in 89.2% of all cases. Cumulative incidences of 5- and 10-year infield recurrences were 4.3% and 14.6%, incidences of 5- and 10-year outfield progression were 10.4% and 13.4%. We used patients with involvement of retroorbital structures treated with whole-orbit photon irradiation without lens protection\u2014of which we reported in a previous study\u2014as a control group. The cumulative cataract incidence for patients treated with electrons and lens protection was significantly lower (p = 0.005) when compared to patients irradiated without lens protection. Thus, electrons are an effective treatment option for conjunctival low-grade lymphomas. The presented lens-sparing technique effectively prevents cataract formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15225433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T01:56:29Z","timestamp":1700099789000},"page":"5433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Conjunctival Lymphoma after Individualized Lens-Sparing Electron Radiotherapy: Results from a Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5776-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toke","family":"Ringbaek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Physics Section, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Deya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Physics Section, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Physics Section, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Heintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Physics Section, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"L\u00fcbcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Physics Section, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Indenk\u00e4mpen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Physics Section, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Sauerwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fl\u00fchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Physics Section, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6088-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Le Guin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, West German Cancer Centre, University 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45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9262-7289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelius","family":"Deuschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sourour","family":"Moliavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-9318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Poettgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gauler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nika","family":"Guberina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, 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