{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:34:30Z","timestamp":1788356070753,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) is a challenging tumor that grows close to several crucial structures, such as the optic nerve, arteries, and pituitary. Surgical treatment is currently evolving from a transcranial microsurgical resection to a transsphenoidal approach. This study examined the clinical profile of patients with tuberculum sellae meningioma and explored its relationship with scoring systems. This retrospective observational study included patients with TSM who underwent surgery at the Department of Neurosurgery at our hospital between 2017 and 2022. The patients were excluded if their data required completion. The clinical profiles of the patients were counted and transformed into a scoring system using several variables such as size, vascular, and canal invasion. We then analyzed the relationship between the clinical signs and symptoms to determine the efficacy of this scoring system. Thirty-six patients were included in the study. Most of our patients had a high score for tumor diameter, bilateral canal invasion, and vascular invasion (2-2-2). Moreover, when related to clinical signs, there was no relationship between the canal and vascular invasion and decreased visual acuity. Tuberculum sellae meningioma mostly causes visual impairment and several other symptoms, such as hemianopsia and parasellar extension. Several factors in the scoring system should also be considered to predict outcomes, such as the onset of visual symptoms, peritumoral edema, and grade of excision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15235700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T04:59:16Z","timestamp":1701579556000},"page":"5700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Profile of Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas Based on Scoring System: An Institutional Experience in Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5135-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renindra Ananda","family":"Aman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia\u2014Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risayogi W. A. H.","family":"Sitorus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia\u2014Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamad Aulia","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia\u2014Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabianto","family":"Santoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia\u2014Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramadhan","family":"Kurniawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia\u2014Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogasawara, C., Philbrick, B.D., and Adamson, D.C. (2021). Meningioma: A Review of Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9030319"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000245600.92322.06","article-title":"Tubercuculum sellae meningiomas","volume":"59","author":"Nakamura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2011.06.012","article-title":"Tuberculum Sella meningioma","volume":"44","author":"Hayhurst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.14.6.6","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas","volume":"14","author":"Chi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2020.1824619","article-title":"Endoscopic surgical resection of tuberculum sellae meningiomas based on decision-making algorithms proposed in the literature","volume":"34","author":"Kolev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-022-01753-z","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for tuberculum sellae meningiomas: A series of 78 consecutive patients","volume":"45","author":"Samanci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, S., Ferini, G., Muhammad, N., Ahmed, N., Wakil, A.N.M., Islam, K.M.A., Arifin, M.S., Al Mahbub, A., Habib, R., and Mojuder, M.R. (2022). Skull Base Approaches for Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas: Institutional Experience in a Series of 34 Patients. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12040492"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.FOCUS17753","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: Grading scale to assess surgical outcomes using the transcranial versus transsphenoidal approach","volume":"44","author":"Magill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000303221.63016.f2","article-title":"Extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for tuberculum sella meningioma","volume":"61","author":"Cavallo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oper. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000317303.93460.24","article-title":"Tuberculum sellare meningiomas: Hight route or low route? A series of 51 consecutive cases","volume":"62","author":"Esposito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200212000-00005","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningioma: A report on management on the basis of a surgical experience with 70 patients","volume":"51","author":"Goel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4236\/ojmn.2022.122007","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: Transcranial approaches results and complications","volume":"12","author":"Kenawy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open J. Mod. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.21037\/cco.2017.05.02","article-title":"Classification of meningiomas\u2014Advances and controversies","volume":"6","author":"Harter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.JNS16823","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal versus transcranial approach to tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidal meningiomas in a similar cohort of patients","volume":"128","author":"Bander","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.19.6.4","article-title":"A brief history of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery\u2014From Philipp Bozzini to the First World Congress of Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery","volume":"19","author":"Doglietto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.039974","article-title":"Surgical management of tuberculum sellae meningiomas: Involvement of the optic canal and visual outcome","volume":"76","author":"Schick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ONS-426","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000223508.60923.91","article-title":"Extended Bifrontal Craniotomy for Midline Anterior Fossa Men-ingiomas:Minimization of Retraction-Related Edema and Surgical Outcomes","volume":"59","author":"Chi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oper. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1745817","article-title":"Tuberculum Sella Meningioma: Surgical Management and Results with Emphasis on Visual Outcome","volume":"13","author":"Kachhara","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Rural. Pr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.102608","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: A series of 41 cases; surgical and ophthalmological outcomes with proposal of a new prognostic scoring system","volume":"03","author":"Palani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Rural. Pr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.333529","article-title":"Surgical management of tuberculum sellae meningioma: Our experience and review of the literature","volume":"69","author":"Sankhla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. India"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.10.FOCUS13350","article-title":"Technical nuances in the management of tuberculum sellae and diaphragma sellae meningiomas","volume":"35","author":"Nanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1620245","article-title":"Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma Resection: Technical Nuances on the Frontopterional Approach","volume":"79","author":"Rustemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Surg. Part B"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979940","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.979940","article-title":"Surgical management of tuberculum sellae meningioma: Transcranial approach or endoscopic endonasal approach?","volume":"9","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200212000-00013","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: Microsurgical anatomy and surgical technique","volume":"51","author":"Jallo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.JNS091971","article-title":"The relevance of Simpson Grade I and II resection in modern neurosurgical treatment of World Health Organization Grade I meningiomas: Clinical article","volume":"113","author":"Sughrue","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"E7","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal resection of skull base meningiomas: The significance of a \u201ccortical cuff\u201d and brain edema compared with careful case selection and surgical experience in predicting morbidity and extent of resection","volume":"37","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1342920","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: Surgical technique, visual outcome, and prognostic factors in 51 cases","volume":"74","author":"Shahar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Surg. Part B"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s40137-014-0073-y","article-title":"Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas: Evolving Surgical Strategies","volume":"2","author":"Raza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Surg. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83905-7","article-title":"The expanded endoscopic endonasal approach for treatment of tuberculum sellae meningiomas in a series of 40 consecutive cases","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01523","article-title":"An Overview of Managements in Meningiomas","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.21037\/cco.2017.06.08","article-title":"Radiation for skull base meningiomas: Review of the literature on the approach to radiotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Moraes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Clin. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/23\/5700\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:36:57Z","timestamp":1760132217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/23\/5700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers15235700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15235700","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]}}}