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The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment and biology, together with the low mutational burden, pose a challenge for treating such tumors. So far, no single biomarker has been soundly correlated with targeted therapy development; thus, combination strategies are often required to improve outcomes. Locally applied vaccines, the expansion of genetically engineered immune cell populations such as T cells, the blockage of immune checkpoints that inhibit anti-tumorigenic responses and chemoimmunotherapy are among the most promising options expected to change the mesothelioma treatment landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15245808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T05:23:22Z","timestamp":1702358602000},"page":"5808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Current Treatment Landscape of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Bertin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade Israelita de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo 05651-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Zugman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo 05651-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6601-3726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Schvartsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo 05651-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2018.10.04","article-title":"Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A Review","volume":"7","author":"Broeckx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. 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