{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:26:31Z","timestamp":1781796391436,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA016056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA016056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinomas (MAs) are a rare histological subtype of tumors defined by extracellular mucin comprising more than 50% of the tumor. These tumors are on a continuum of mucin-producing malignancies with signet ring cell adenocarcinomas (SRCCs), which instead produce intracellular mucin. Mucin-containing cancers occur primarily in the stomach and colon, where for SRCCs, outcomes are relatively worse in the proximal stomach and the rectum. It is not known if MAs have similar outcomes. In this study, we use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to examine the effects of tumor localization, age, sex, and stage on colorectal and gastric cancer outcomes for MAs. For right colon cancers, MAs are more common, particularly in females, and have slightly better or equivalent outcomes across all stages and ages compared to conventional adenocarcinomas, but outcomes are progressively worse compared to conventional adenocarcinomas for left colon and rectal cancers. Unlike SRCCs, MAs have similar outcomes to conventional adenocarcinomas in all stomach locations. Overall, these results suggest that MAs have an intrinsically different tumor biology in the left colon and rectum that promotes pathogenesis. Decoding this phenomenon could lead to more effectively tailored patient treatment regimens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16010147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T03:30:34Z","timestamp":1703734234000},"page":"147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Location Has Prognostic Impact on the Outcome of Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1326-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew G. K.","family":"Benesch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erek D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalana B. L.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019). Digestive System Tumours, Who Classification of tumours Series, International Agency for Research on Cancer. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1321","DOI":"10.2741\/Corfield","article-title":"Mucins in the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease","volume":"6","author":"Corfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2761","article-title":"Mucins in cancer: Function, prognosis and therapy","volume":"9","author":"Kufe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1251","article-title":"Mucins in cancer: Protection and control of the cell surface","volume":"4","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i43.4757","article-title":"Spectrum of mucin-producing neoplastic conditions of the abdomen and pelvis: Cross-sectional imaging evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benesch, M.G.K., and Mathieson, A. (2020). Epidemiology of signet ring cell adenocarcinomas. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061544"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benesch, M.G.K., and Mathieson, A. (2020). Epidemiology of mucinous adenocarcinomas. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113193"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1605","article-title":"Malignant transformation of long-standing ileal crohn\u2019s disease likely favors signet ring cell adenocarcinoma histology","volume":"14","author":"Benesch","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benesch, M.G.K., Mathieson, A., and O\u2019brien, S.B.L. (2023). Effects of tumor localization, age, and stage on the outcomes of gastric and colorectal signet ring cell adenocarcinomas. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030714"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9757-1","article-title":"Two subtypes of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colorectum: Clinicopathological and genetic features","volume":"15","author":"Leopoldo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.09.006","article-title":"The Increasing Incidence of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Call to Action","volume":"89","author":"Ahnen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma: Clinical pathology and treatment options","volume":"39","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.101204","article-title":"Sex and gender perspectives in colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Baraibar","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86356","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21169","article-title":"Comparative molecular analyses of left-sided colon, right-sided colon, and rectal cancers","volume":"8","author":"Salem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-4159-7","article-title":"Prognostic significance and molecular features of signet-ring cell and mucinous components in colorectal carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Inamura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178772","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1178772","article-title":"Concordance between microsatellite instability and mismatch repair protein expression in colorectal cancer and their clinicopathological characteristics: A retrospective analysis of 502 cases","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-021-00402-z","article-title":"Endogenous sex steroid hormones and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Bouras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5115","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S329383","article-title":"Interaction of gut microbiome and host micrornas with the occurrence of colorectal and breast cancer and their impact on patient immunity","volume":"14","author":"Tennekoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0583","article-title":"Strategies to minimise the current disadvantages experienced by women in faecal immunochemical test-based colorectal cancer screening","volume":"60","author":"Clark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Huang, L., Liu, M., and Wang, Z. (2022). The molecular associations of signet-ring cell carcinoma in colorectum: Meta-analysis and system review. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070836"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remo, A., Fassan, M., Vanoli, A., Bonetti, L.R., Barresi, V., Tatangelo, F., Gaf\u00e0, R., Giordano, G., Pancione, M., and Grillo, F. (2019). Morphology and molecular features of rare colorectal carcinoma histotypes. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11071036"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0051","article-title":"Rectal cancer, version 2.2022, nccn clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"20","author":"Benson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v15.i8.1461","article-title":"Epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors associated with overall survival for patients with mucinous colorectal cancer: A population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i8.1289","article-title":"Early-onset colorectal cancer: A review of current knowledge","volume":"29","author":"Saraiva","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000002273","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of right- versus left-sided early-onset colorectal cancer","volume":"66","author":"Tom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2019.101621","article-title":"Is colorectal cancer a more aggressive disease in young patients? A population-based study from the Czech Republic","volume":"63","author":"Blaha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clcc.2017.06.002","article-title":"Early-onset colorectal cancer is distinct from traditional colorectal cancer","volume":"16","author":"Yeo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Color. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.08.001","article-title":"The incidence and histo-pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in a population based cancer registry in Zimbabwe","volume":"44","author":"Katsidzira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-23-0239","article-title":"Risk stratification for early-onset colorectal cancer screening: Are we ready for implementation?","volume":"16","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000749","article-title":"The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (seer) program and pathology: Toward strengthening the critical relationship","volume":"40","author":"Duggan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuberi, S.A., Burdine, L., Dong, J., and Feuerstein, J.D. (2023). Representation of racial minorities in the United States colonoscopy surveillance interval guidelines. J. Clin. Gastroenterol.","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001940"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/1\/147\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:43:11Z","timestamp":1760132591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/1\/147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers16010147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers16010147","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]}}}