{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T08:42:06Z","timestamp":1789807326155,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation","award":["MARF 2023,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MARF 2023,"]}]},{"name":"Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation","award":["IG-15378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-15378"]}]},{"name":"Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation","award":["IG-23179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-23179"]}]},{"name":"Italian Association for Cancer Research","award":["MARF 2023,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MARF 2023,"]}]},{"name":"Italian Association for Cancer Research","award":["IG-15378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-15378"]}]},{"name":"Italian Association for Cancer Research","award":["IG-23179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-23179"]}]},{"name":"Sbarro Health Research Organization","award":["MARF 2023,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MARF 2023,"]}]},{"name":"Sbarro Health Research Organization","award":["IG-15378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-15378"]}]},{"name":"Sbarro Health Research Organization","award":["IG-23179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-23179"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CFS-1R) is a myeloid receptor with a crucial role in monocyte survival and differentiation. Its overexpression is associated with aggressive tumors characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor prognosis. CSF-1R ligands, IL-34 and M-CSF, are produced by many cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), suggesting a key role for the receptor in the crosstalk between tumor, immune and stromal cells in the TME. Recently, CSF-1R expression was reported in the cell membrane of the cancer cells of different solid tumors, capturing the interest of various research groups interested in investigating the role of this receptor in non-myeloid cells. This review summarizes the current data available on the expression and activity of CSF-1R in different tumor types. Notably, CSF-1R+ cancer cells have been shown to produce CSF-1R ligands, indicating that CSF-1R signaling is positively regulated in an autocrine manner in cancer cells. Recent research demonstrated that CSF-1R signaling enhances cell transformation by supporting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, stemness and drug resistance. In addition, this review covers recent therapeutic strategies, including monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors, targeting the CSF-1R and designed to block the pro-oncogenic role of CSF-1R in cancer cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16020282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T03:36:58Z","timestamp":1704771418000},"page":"282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["CSF-1R in Cancer: More than a Myeloid Cell Receptor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Cersosimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1710-7977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ulivieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0146-1031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-7884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Morrione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2291-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Vermi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0598-6449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Giurisato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanley, E.R., and Chitu, V. 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