{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T01:48:17Z","timestamp":1783648097273,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For the histopathological work-up of resected neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine (siNET), the determination of lymphatic (LI), microvascular (VI) and perineural (PnI) invasion is recommended. Their association with poorer prognosis has already been demonstrated in many tumor entities. However, the influence of LI, VI and PnI in siNET has not been sufficiently described yet. A retrospective analysis of all patients treated for siNET at the ENETS Center of Excellence Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, from 2010 to 2020 was performed (n = 510). Patients who did not undergo primary resection or had G3 tumors were excluded. In the entire cohort (n = 161), patients with LI, VI and PnI status had more distant metastases (48.0% vs. 71.4%, p = 0.005; 47.1% vs. 84.4%, p &lt; 0.001; 34.2% vs. 84.7%, p &lt; 0.001) and had lower rates of curative surgery (58.0% vs. 21.0%, p &lt; 0.001; 48.3% vs. 16.7%, p &lt; 0.001; 68.4% vs. 14.3%, p &lt; 0.001). Progression-free survival was significantly reduced in patients with LI, VI or PnI compared to patients without. This was also demonstrated in patients who underwent curative surgery. Lymphatic, vascular and perineural invasion were associated with disease progression and recurrence in patients with siNET, and these should therefore be included in postoperative treatment considerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16020305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T03:21:41Z","timestamp":1704943301000},"page":"305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Influence of Lymphatic, Microvascular and Perineural Invasion on Oncological Outcome in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Small Intestine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5963-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederike","family":"Butz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5473-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Dukaczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina Alisa","family":"Kunze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina Maren","family":"Kr\u00f6mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Jann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3622-3268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uli","family":"Fehrenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Friederieke","family":"M\u00fcller-Debus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Skachko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Pratschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8997-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter E.","family":"Goretzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina T.","family":"Mogl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1616-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva Maria","family":"Dobrindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589","article-title":"Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Dasari","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01677-9","article-title":"Neuroendocrine liver metastasis from the small intestine: Is surgery beneficial for survival?","volume":"16","author":"Selberherr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orphanet J. 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