{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:03:39Z","timestamp":1782533019429,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001778","name":"Deakin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematopoietic diseases characterized by the clonal expansion of single or multiple lineages of differentiated myeloid cells that accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. MPNs are grouped into distinct categories based on key clinical presentations and distinctive mutational hallmarks. These include chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is strongly associated with the signature BCR::ABL1 gene translocation, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary (idiopathic) myelofibrosis (PMF), typically accompanied by molecular alterations in the JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes. There are also rarer forms such as chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), which involves mutations in the CSF3R gene. However, rather than focusing on the differences between these alternate disease categories, this review aims to present a unifying molecular etiology in which these overlapping diseases are best understood as disruptions of normal hematopoietic signaling: specifically, the chronic activation of signaling pathways, particularly involving signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, most notably STAT5B, leading to the sustained stimulation of myelopoiesis, which underpins the various disease sequalae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16020313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T05:24:12Z","timestamp":1704950652000},"page":"313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diseases Mediated by Chronic Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Proteins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1646-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clifford","family":"Liongue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alister C.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850","article-title":"International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: Integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data","volume":"140","author":"Arber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.974594","article-title":"Novel insights into the biology and treatment of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"56","author":"Mughal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk. 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