{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:50:09Z","timestamp":1792713009700,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accessory parotid gland (APG, Vth level) differs in histological structure from main parotid tissue. This gives rise to the hypothesis, mirrored in clinical observations, that the representation of tumours is different than in the rest of the gland. The aim of the study was to analyse the epidemiological and histological differences of parotid tumours located in regions I\u2013V, with particular emphasis on the distinctiveness of region V. To define the epidemiological factors that will indicate the risk of histological malignancy from clinically benign appearance, multicentre prospective studies conducted between 2017\u20132021 by five Head and Neck Surgery University Departments, cooperating within the Polish Salivary Network Database 1929 patients (1048 women and 881 men), were included. The age, gender, patient occupation, place of inhabitation, tumour size, clinical features of malignancy, histology, and facial nerve (FN) paresis were analysed for superficial (I_II) and deep (III_IV) lobes and with special regard to the tumours affecting region V. Twenty eight tumours were located exclusively in region V (1.45% total) and seventy-two tumours were found in region V exhibiting extensions to neighbouring regions (3.7% total), characterised as significantly younger and less frequent in retirees. In I\u2013IV regions, approximately 90% of tumours were benign, with pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Whartin tumour (WT) predominance. In region V, PA exceeded 75% but WT were casuistic (2\/28). Incidences of malignancies in region V was 40% but clinical signs of malignancy were evident only in tumours &gt; 4 cm or in the presence of FN paresis. In 19% of patients with a benign appearance, imaging revealed malignancy; however, 38% of patients showed false negative results both in terms of clinical and radiological features of malignancy. Logistic regression models in 28 patients with tumours located exclusively in region V vs. 1901 other patients and in 100 patients with V extension vs. 1829 other patients showed no clinical symptoms of malignancy binding with final malignant tumour histology as a single variable or in combination with other variables. The logistic regression models obtained in this study show strong linkage between tumour location and predictors (age, male gender, and tumour diameter) and also aimed to function as a good classifier. Our conclusion is that, despite the very clear image of the mid-cheek tumour which is easily accessible in palpation and ultrasound examination, it is necessary to improve oncological vigilance and preoperative patient preparation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16020463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T06:49:31Z","timestamp":1705906171000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Rationale for Increasing Oncological Vigilance in Relation to Clinical Findings in Accessory Parotid Gland\u2014Observations Based on 2192 Cases of the Polish Salivary Network Database"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Wierzbicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Regional Specialist Hospital Wroclaw, Research & Development Centre, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-447 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Bartkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5109-3911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wioleta","family":"Pietruszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head Neck Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4736-152X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Stodulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Markowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Burduk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Olejniczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head Neck Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Piernicka-Dybich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Wierzchowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Amernik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Cha\u0144ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Majszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Bruzgielewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Gazinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobank Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network\u2014PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stab\u0142owicka St., 147, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2571-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Mikaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(77)90049-4","article-title":"The human accessory parotid gland: Its incidence, nature, and significance","volume":"43","author":"Frommer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Oral Surg. 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