{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:04:21Z","timestamp":1788789861987,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 112-2221-E-194-036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2221-E-194-036"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["112-2222-E-194-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2222-E-194-002"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["CCU-NTUHYB-112-NC002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCU-NTUHYB-112-NC002"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["112-C001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-C001"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["KAFGH_D_113027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAFGH_D_113027"]}]},{"name":"National Chung Cheng University-National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Joint Research Program","award":["NSTC 112-2221-E-194-036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2221-E-194-036"]}]},{"name":"National Chung Cheng University-National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Joint Research Program","award":["112-2222-E-194-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2222-E-194-002"]}]},{"name":"National Chung Cheng University-National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Joint Research Program","award":["CCU-NTUHYB-112-NC002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCU-NTUHYB-112-NC002"]}]},{"name":"National Chung Cheng University-National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Joint Research Program","award":["112-C001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-C001"]}]},{"name":"National Chung Cheng University-National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Joint Research Program","award":["KAFGH_D_113027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAFGH_D_113027"]}]},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch","award":["NSTC 112-2221-E-194-036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2221-E-194-036"]}]},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch","award":["112-2222-E-194-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2222-E-194-002"]}]},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch","award":["CCU-NTUHYB-112-NC002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCU-NTUHYB-112-NC002"]}]},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch","award":["112-C001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-C001"]}]},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch","award":["KAFGH_D_113027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAFGH_D_113027"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital","award":["NSTC 112-2221-E-194-036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2221-E-194-036"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital","award":["112-2222-E-194-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2222-E-194-002"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital","award":["CCU-NTUHYB-112-NC002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCU-NTUHYB-112-NC002"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital","award":["112-C001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-C001"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital","award":["KAFGH_D_113027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAFGH_D_113027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is a prominent contributor to cancer-related mortality since it lacks discernible features in its first phases. Multiple studies have shown that narrow-band imaging (NBI) has superior accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in detecting EC compared to white light imaging (WLI). Thus, this study innovatively employs a color space linked to d\u00e9cor to transform WLIs into NBIs, offering a novel approach to enhance the detection capabilities of EC in its early stages. In this study a total of 3415 WLI along with the corresponding 3415 simulated NBI images were used for analysis combined with the YOLOv5 algorithm to train the WLI images and the NBI images individually showcasing the adaptability of advanced object detection techniques in the context of medical image analysis. The evaluation of the model\u2019s performance was based on the produced confusion matrix and five key metrics: precision, recall, specificity, accuracy, and F1-score of the trained model. The model underwent training to accurately identify three specific manifestations of EC, namely dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and polyps demonstrates a nuanced and targeted analysis, addressing diverse aspects of EC pathology for a more comprehensive understanding. The NBI model effectively enhanced both its recall and accuracy rates in detecting dysplasia cancer, a pre-cancerous stage that might improve the overall five-year survival rate. Conversely, the SCC category decreased its accuracy and recall rate, although the NBI and WLI models performed similarly in recognizing the polyp. The NBI model demonstrated an accuracy of 0.60, 0.81, and 0.66 in the dysplasia, SCC, and polyp categories, respectively. Additionally, it attained a recall rate of 0.40, 0.73, and 0.76 in the same categories. The WLI model demonstrated an accuracy of 0.56, 0.99, and 0.65 in the dysplasia, SCC, and polyp categories, respectively. Additionally, it obtained a recall rate of 0.39, 0.86, and 0.78 in the same categories, respectively. The limited number of training photos is the reason for the suboptimal performance of the NBI model which can be improved by increasing the dataset.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16030572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T05:14:32Z","timestamp":1706591672000},"page":"572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Assessment of Narrow-Band Imaging Algorithm for Video Capsule Endoscopy Based on Decorrelated Color Space for Esophageal Cancer: Part II, Detection and Classification of Esophageal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yu-Jen","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, No. 579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Dou-Liu 64041, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen Ai Rd., Sec. 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Tajen University, 20, Weixin Rd., Yanpu Township, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riya","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7741-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arvind","family":"Mukundan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ming","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Yao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4107-2062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang-Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chia Yi 62247, Taiwan"},{"name":"Hitspectra Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., 4F, No. 2, Fuxing 4th Rd., Qianzhen District, Kaohsiung 80661, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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