{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:57:08Z","timestamp":1792144628098,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF21SA0069151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21SA0069151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the tongue is the most common type of oral cavity cancer, and tumor depth of invasion (DOI) is an important prognostic factor. In this study, we investigated the accuracy of intraoral ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing DOI in patients with OSCC. Histopathological measurement of DOI was used as a reference standard. We conducted a prospective study including patients planned for surgical treatment of OSCC in the tongue. The DOI was measured in an outpatient setting by intraoral ultrasound and MRI, and was compared to the histopathological DOI measurements. Bland\u2013Altman analysis compared the mean difference and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) for ultrasound and MRI, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test for significance. The correlation was evaluated using Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient. We included 30 patients: 26 with T1 or T2 tumors, and 4 with T3 tumors. The mean difference from histopathology DOI was significantly lower for ultrasound compared to MRI (0.95 mm [95% LOA \u22124.15 mm to 6.06 mm] vs. 1.90 mm [95% LOA \u22129.02 mm and 12.81 mm], p = 0.023). Ultrasound also led to significantly more correct T-stage classifications in 86.7% (26) of patients compared to 56.7% (17) for MRI, p = 0.015. The Pearson correlation between MRI and histopathology was 0.57 (p &lt; 0.001) and the correlation between ultrasound and histopathology was 0.86 (p &lt; 0.001). This prospective study found that intraoral ultrasound is more accurate than MRI in assessing DOI and for the T-staging of oral tongue cancers. Clinical practice and guidelines should implement intraoral ultrasound accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16030637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T09:43:22Z","timestamp":1706780602000},"page":"637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Intraoral Ultrasound versus MRI for Depth of Invasion Measurement in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1900-3445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikkel","family":"Kaltoft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery and Audiology Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoffer Holst","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery and Audiology Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Wessman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery and Audiology Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Lundsgaard","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8792-9275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina Klitm\u00f8ller","family":"Agander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6443-7362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Makouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery and Audiology Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Wessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery and Audiology Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3267-3560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Todsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery and Audiology Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Capital Region, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24589","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: A global study","volume":"39","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116000499","article-title":"Oral cavity and lip cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines","volume":"130","author":"Kerawala","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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